{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203599718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci14040487","title":"See the (In)Visible: Infrared Thermography for Characterizing Thermal Patterns Associated with Peripheral Arterial Disease and Diabetes Mellitus","display_name":"See the (In)Visible: Infrared Thermography for Characterizing Thermal Patterns Associated with Peripheral Arterial Disease and Diabetes Mellitus","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203599718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci14040487","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42646621","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13515561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/medsci14040487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci14040487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci14040487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739445098","display_name":"Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3271","issn":["2076-3271"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci14040487","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003806603","display_name":"Slobodan Tanaskovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-6693","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-6693"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107166","display_name":"Institut za kardiovaskularne bolesti Dedinje","ror":"https://ror.org/01k57xn28","country_code":"RS","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107166"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slobodan Tanaskovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114992420","display_name":"Aleksandra Milacic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8896-9471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8896-9471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107166","display_name":"Institut za kardiovaskularne bolesti Dedinje","ror":"https://ror.org/01k57xn28","country_code":"RS","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107166"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandra Mila\u010di\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8896-9471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106956789","display_name":"Nikola Ru\u017ei\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8829-6085","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8829-6085"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Ru\u017ei\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8829-6085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008099216","display_name":"Stefan Graovac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5849-4451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5849-4451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Graovac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5849-4451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001012446","display_name":"Jovan Petrovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-6228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-6228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107166","display_name":"Institut za kardiovaskularne bolesti Dedinje","ror":"https://ror.org/01k57xn28","country_code":"RS","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107166"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jovan Petrovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-6228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111001290","display_name":"Milovan Boji\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-041X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-041X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313323035","display_name":"Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qrfxd25","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107166","display_name":"Institut za kardiovaskularne bolesti Dedinje","ror":"https://ror.org/01k57xn28","country_code":"RS","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107166"]}],"countries":["RS","RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milovan Boji\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia","Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076836054","display_name":"Bojan Dj. Bo\u017ei\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9910-2741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9910-2741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bojan Bo\u017ei\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry \u201cIvan Djaja\u201d, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9910-2741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry \u201cIvan Djaja\u201d, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001012446","https://openalex.org/A5008099216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193","https://openalex.org/I4210107166"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1689},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1689},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"487","last_page":"487"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10926","display_name":"Peripheral Artery Disease Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-arterial-disease","display_name":"peripheral arterial disease","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-thermography","display_name":"infrared thermography","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-footprint","display_name":"thermal footprint","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"kernel density estimation","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-inhomogeneity","display_name":"thermal heterogeneity","score":0.6610000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46762472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178648","display_name":"Peripheral","level":2,"score":0.8205000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7106999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6352999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018348675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4797557","display_name":"Arterial disease","level":3,"score":0.6223000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5620999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779222261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624587","display_name":"Thermography","level":3,"score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266890","display_name":"Vascular disease","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005528","descriptor_name":"Foot","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007259","descriptor_name":"Infrared Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013817","descriptor_name":"Thermography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058729","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Arterial Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058729","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Arterial Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/medsci14040487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci14040487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci14040487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739445098","display_name":"Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3271","issn":["2076-3271"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13515561","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13515561/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13515561/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Med Sci (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42646621","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42646621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ec244db9b3534afe9588de7e58418546","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ec244db9b3534afe9588de7e58418546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Medical Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 4, p 487 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/medsci14040487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci14040487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci14040487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739445098","display_name":"Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3271","issn":["2076-3271"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9907000064849854,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203599718.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203599718.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2299451239","https://openalex.org/W2761045060","https://openalex.org/W2790997418","https://openalex.org/W2959853492","https://openalex.org/W2970232544","https://openalex.org/W3136295653","https://openalex.org/W3172150152","https://openalex.org/W4311053677","https://openalex.org/W4311474528","https://openalex.org/W4312068929","https://openalex.org/W4312188510","https://openalex.org/W4387001871","https://openalex.org/W4390466583","https://openalex.org/W4399572819","https://openalex.org/W4400142883","https://openalex.org/W4413300054","https://openalex.org/W4415138853","https://openalex.org/W4416387292","https://openalex.org/W7133309030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790997418","https://openalex.org/W4401678897","https://openalex.org/W2604017674","https://openalex.org/W3091040743","https://openalex.org/W2793623487","https://openalex.org/W2004127764","https://openalex.org/W4415570784","https://openalex.org/W2921747104","https://openalex.org/W3068995893","https://openalex.org/W2970232544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Peripheral":[1],"arterial":[2],"disease":[3],"(PAD)":[4],"and":[5,12,30,59,66,76,94,108,130,171,240,245,262,277],"diabetes":[6],"mellitus":[7],"(DM)":[8],"may":[9],"produce":[10],"different":[11],"overlapping":[13],"plantar":[14,226],"thermal":[15,82,253,289],"patterns.":[16],"This":[17,35,219],"study":[18,40,222],"descriptively":[19,230],"characterized":[20,286],"whole-foot":[21,225],"temperature-distribution":[22,264],"patterns":[23,269],"in":[24,272],"clinically":[25],"defined":[26],"healthy,":[27],"PAD,":[28,170],"DM,":[29,151,162,239],"combined":[31,60,180,243,275],"PAD_DM":[32,61,181],"cohorts.":[33],"Methods:":[34],"single-center,":[36],"exploratory,":[37,220],"cross-sectional":[38,221],"observational":[39],"included":[41],"73":[42],"participants:":[43],"healthy":[44,119,129,137,234,248],"controls":[45,249],"(n":[46,51,56,62],"=":[47,52,57,63],"21),":[48],"isolated":[49,54,193,215,238,282],"PAD":[50,194,216,244,276,283],"13),":[53],"DM":[55,141,159,168,256],"19),":[58],"20).":[64],"Right-":[65],"left-foot":[67],"temperature":[68,227],"distributions":[69,228],"were":[70,126,148,188,205,211,270],"processed":[71],"separately":[72],"for":[73],"each":[74],"participant":[75],"interpreted":[77],"as":[78,112],"one":[79],"paired":[80],"bilateral":[81,88],"footprint":[83],"using":[84],"patient-level":[85],"histograms,":[86],"representative":[87],"kernel":[89],"density":[90],"estimation":[91],"(KDE)":[92],"profiles,":[93,265],"a":[95],"cohort-derived":[96],"deterministic":[97],"rule-based":[98],"model.":[99],"The":[100,192],"model":[101],"was":[102,109,196,285],"developed":[103],"from":[104],"the":[105,140,179,197,214,255,281],"present":[106],"cohort":[107,195,257,284],"not":[110],"evaluated":[111],"an":[113],"independent":[114],"diagnostic":[115],"classifier.":[116],"Results:":[117],"Among":[118],"controls,":[120],"11":[121],"of":[122,132,144,153,164,173,184,201],"21":[123,133],"participants":[124,146,186,203,273],"(52.4%)":[125],"assigned":[127,149,189,206,212],"to":[128,135,150,156,167,176,190,207,213],"8":[131],"(38.1%)":[134],"borderline":[136,157],"categories.":[138],"In":[139,178,279],"cohort,":[142,182],"7":[143],"19":[145,154,165,174],"(36.8%)":[147],"3":[152,163],"(15.8%)":[155,166],"healthy/suspected":[158],"or":[160],"controlled":[161],"suspected":[169],"5":[172],"(26.3%)":[175],"PAD_DM.":[177,191],"15":[183],"20":[185],"(75.0%)":[187],"most":[198],"heterogeneous:":[199],"6":[200],"13":[202],"(46.2%)":[204],"PAD_DM,":[208],"while":[209,266],"none":[210],"output.":[217],"Conclusions:":[218],"demonstrated":[223,251],"that":[224],"can":[229],"characterize":[231],"differences":[232],"among":[233],"individuals,":[235],"patients":[236],"with":[237,242,274],"those":[241],"DM.":[246,278],"While":[247],"generally":[250],"symmetric":[252],"footprints,":[254],"frequently":[258],"exhibited":[259],"globally":[260],"elevated":[261],"compact":[263],"mixed":[267],"asymmetric":[268],"common":[271],"contrast,":[280],"by":[287],"pronounced":[288],"heterogeneity.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-08-18T00:00:00"}
