{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203594342","doi":null,"title":"Experimental Investigation on Optimal Composition of Propane/Isopentane \u2013 Mixture in a High Temperature Heat Pump","display_name":"Experimental Investigation on Optimal Composition of Propane/Isopentane \u2013 Mixture in a High Temperature Heat Pump","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203594342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbi.ulg.ac.be:2268/347879","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/347879","pdf_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/347879/1/Draft_SecondManuscriptSubmission_SystemTestsHCMixtures.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400651","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Li\u00e8ge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","host_organization_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Herrick Conferences 2026, West Lafayette, United States [US], 13th - 16th of July 2026","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8544"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/347879/1/Draft_SecondManuscriptSubmission_SystemTestsHCMixtures.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147283279","display_name":"Paul Lemke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lemke, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge - ULi\u00e8ge > A\u00e9rospatiale et M\u00e9canique (A&M)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge - ULi\u00e8ge > A\u00e9rospatiale et M\u00e9canique (A&M)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041849922","display_name":"Vincent Lemort","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0654-8435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0654-8435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lemort, Vincent","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge - ULi\u00e8ge > D\u00e9partement d'a\u00e9rospatiale et m\u00e9canique > Thermodynamique appliqu\u00e9e"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge - ULi\u00e8ge > D\u00e9partement d'a\u00e9rospatiale et m\u00e9canique > Thermodynamique appliqu\u00e9e","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015327728","display_name":"Stefan S. Bertsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3363-4264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3363-4264"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129390","display_name":"OST - Ostschweizer Fachhochschule","ror":"https://ror.org/038mj2660","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152326","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences of Eastern Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/0441mgk24","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129390","https://openalex.org/I4387152326"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bertsch, Stefan S.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Energy Systems > Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Energy Systems > Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129390","https://openalex.org/I4387152326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062083572","display_name":"Leon P. M. Brendel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4858-5085","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4858-5085"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129390","display_name":"OST - Ostschweizer Fachhochschule","ror":"https://ror.org/038mj2660","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152326","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences of Eastern Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/0441mgk24","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129390","https://openalex.org/I4387152326"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brendel, Leon P.M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Energy Systems > Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Energy Systems > Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129390","https://openalex.org/I4387152326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12139","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11774","display_name":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zeotropic-refrigerant-mixtures","display_name":"zeotropic refrigerant mixtures","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-temperature-heat-pumps","display_name":"high-temperature heat pumps","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrocarbon-refrigerants","display_name":"hydrocarbon refrigerants","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-performance","display_name":"coefficient of performance","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heating-capacity","display_name":"heating capacity","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-pump-performance","display_name":"heat pump performance","score":0.34599998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204392657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191331","display_name":"Zeotropic mixture","level":4,"score":0.8224999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199499590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266790","display_name":"Refrigerant","level":3,"score":0.769599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777949474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422703","display_name":"Isopentane","level":3,"score":0.6811000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776345496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131189","display_name":"Propane","level":2,"score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13119800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902090","display_name":"Coefficient of performance","level":4,"score":0.5335000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776461528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131313","display_name":"Heat pump","level":3,"score":0.5037000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.48489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187949908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2044954","display_name":"Air source heat pumps","level":4,"score":0.44209998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201289731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172599","display_name":"Inlet","level":2,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136699399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901363","display_name":"Relative volatility","level":3,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180381","display_name":"Excess heat","level":2,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131321042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656685","display_name":"Operating temperature","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129716092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912130","display_name":"Internal heating","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186937647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1796959","display_name":"Heat sink","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109663097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182453","display_name":"Adiabatic process","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158139659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127694","display_name":"Intercooler","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985831756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107291880","display_name":"Maximum temperature","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778861962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407225","display_name":"Isobutane","level":3,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64980472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12858303","display_name":"Freon","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141713623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452596","display_name":"Heat pump and refrigeration cycle","level":4,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:orbi.ulg.ac.be:2268/347879","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/347879","pdf_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/347879/1/Draft_SecondManuscriptSubmission_SystemTestsHCMixtures.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400651","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Li\u00e8ge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","host_organization_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Herrick Conferences 2026, West Lafayette, United States [US], 13th - 16th of July 2026","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8544"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbi.ulg.ac.be:2268/347879","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/347879","pdf_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/347879/1/Draft_SecondManuscriptSubmission_SystemTestsHCMixtures.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400651","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Li\u00e8ge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","host_organization_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Herrick Conferences 2026, West Lafayette, United States [US], 13th - 16th of July 2026","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8544"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203594342.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203594342.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135536698","https://openalex.org/W4395012462","https://openalex.org/W4396803292","https://openalex.org/W4396815455","https://openalex.org/W4404872401","https://openalex.org/W6888100785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377030256","https://openalex.org/W7213426107","https://openalex.org/W2580192888","https://openalex.org/W7128299831","https://openalex.org/W4395012462","https://openalex.org/W7117116032","https://openalex.org/W4377029959","https://openalex.org/W7125807082","https://openalex.org/W6981712195","https://openalex.org/W7038589874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zeotropic":[0],"mixtures":[1],"of":[2,8,41,45,76],"refrigerants":[3],"can":[4],"improve":[5,24],"the":[6,27,39,43,67,90,97,104,110,114,121],"performance":[7],"heat":[9,56],"pumps":[10],"in":[11,26,66],"applications":[12],"with":[13,34,48,61],"high":[14,54],"temperature":[15,55,64,75,83],"differences.":[16],"However,":[17],"more":[18],"experimental":[19],"campaigns":[20],"are":[21],"needed":[22],"to":[23,29],"confidence":[25],"approach":[28],"customize":[30],"refrigerant":[31],"mixtures,":[32],"especially":[33],"hydrocarbons.":[35],"This":[36],"study":[37],"investigates":[38],"influence":[40],"adjusting":[42],"composition":[44,112,117],"a":[46,53,72,80],"mixture":[47],"Isopentane":[49],"and":[50,69,79,96,113],"Propane":[51],"on":[52],"pump":[57],"at":[58,71],"operating":[59],"conditions":[60],"30":[62],"K":[63],"difference":[65],"source":[68,73],"sink,":[70],"inlet":[74],"70":[77],"\u00b0C":[78],"sink":[81],"outlet":[82],"120":[84],"\u00b0C.":[85],"The":[86],"results":[87],"show":[88],"that":[89],"COP":[91],"increased":[92],"by":[93,100],"13.3":[94],"%":[95,102],"heating":[98],"capacity":[99],"60":[101],"for":[103],"most":[105],"efficient":[106],"composition.":[107],"Differences":[108],"between":[109],"charged":[111],"calculated":[115],"circulating":[116],"were":[118],"observed,":[119],"but":[120],"reason":[122],"is":[123],"unclear.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-08-17T00:00:00"}