{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203561444","doi":null,"title":"ASSESSMENT OF MELATONIN USE PATTERNS, SAFETY, AND ATTITUDES TOWARD ITS USE IN ADULT POPULATION.","display_name":"ASSESSMENT OF MELATONIN USE PATTERNS, SAFETY, AND ATTITUDES TOWARD ITS USE IN ADULT POPULATION.","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203561444","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42600608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:42600608","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42600608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Georgian medical news","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147235509","display_name":"F Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5147235509"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52845528,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"374","first_page":"276","last_page":"281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10902","display_name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies","score":0.05620000138878822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.03739999979734421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melatonin","display_name":"melatonin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-effects","display_name":"adverse effects","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleepiness","display_name":"sleepiness","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headache","display_name":"headache","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insomnia","display_name":"insomnia","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-aids","display_name":"sleep aids","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplements","display_name":"dietary supplements","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/over-the-counter-drugs","display_name":"over-the-counter drugs","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-and-sex-differences","display_name":"age and sex differences","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dosage","display_name":"dosage","score":0.3529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778182776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180912","display_name":"Melatonin","level":2,"score":0.9902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781210498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869874","display_name":"Insomnia","level":2,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780798758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395229","display_name":"Agomelatine","level":4,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781269140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24784310","display_name":"Melatonin receptor","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780059843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198654","display_name":"Pineal gland","level":3,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910827634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189071","display_name":"Neurohormones","level":3,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000089943","descriptor_name":"Sleep Quality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006261","descriptor_name":"Headache","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006261","descriptor_name":"Headache","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007319","descriptor_name":"Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007493","descriptor_name":"Iraq","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008550","descriptor_name":"Melatonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008550","descriptor_name":"Melatonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008550","descriptor_name":"Melatonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:42600608","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42600608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Georgian medical news","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401875631","https://openalex.org/W7162025867","https://openalex.org/W4392103517","https://openalex.org/W7214640420","https://openalex.org/W7127053264","https://openalex.org/W4405423306","https://openalex.org/W2089411187","https://openalex.org/W7125604564","https://openalex.org/W1599786970","https://openalex.org/W4381163145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Melatonin":[1,246],"is":[2,10,36,223,247],"an":[3],"important":[4],"neurohormones":[5],"that":[6,17,181,221,275],"regulate":[7],"sleep.":[8],"It":[9],"also":[11],"considered":[12,190],"as":[13,151,253],"a":[14,74,205,254],"dietary":[15],"supplement":[16],"gained":[18],"approval":[19],"to":[20,25,41,48,58,87,102,105,117,192,195,201,218,225,236,239,283],"be":[21,193],"used":[22,141,249],"without":[23],"prescription":[24],"manage":[26],"insomnia":[27],"and":[28,57,65,109,116,161,197,228,241,250,256,266,278,287,295],"other":[29],"sleep":[30,185,258],"disorders.":[31],"However,":[32],"melatonin":[33,53,82,114,150,182,191,200,211,222,238,289],"inappropriate":[34],"use":[35],"increasing":[37],"which":[38],"may":[39],"lead":[40],"various":[42],"negative":[43],"consequences.":[44],"This":[45],"study":[46,72],"aims":[47],"assess":[49,106],"the":[50,60,107,119,135,168,219,234],"patterns":[51,108],"of":[52,77,99,111,134,147,167,177,188],"use,":[54,115,196,290],"its":[55,63],"safety,":[56],"determine":[59],"attitudes":[61,110],"regarding":[62,113],"effectiveness":[64],"safety.":[66],"MATERIALS":[67],"AND":[68],"METHODS:":[69],"A":[70,174],"cross-sectional":[71],"included":[73],"convenient":[75],"sample":[76],"adults":[78,294],"who":[79],"are":[80,281],"using":[81],"was":[83,127,142,216,231],"conducted":[84],"from":[85],"September":[86],"December":[88],"2025":[89],"at":[90],"community":[91],"pharmacies":[92],"in":[93,263],"Baghdad,":[94],"Iraq.":[95],"The":[96,137,272],"survey":[97],"consisted":[98],"three":[100],"parts":[101],"collect":[103],"socio-demographic,":[104],"participants":[112,169],"investigate":[118],"possible":[120],"adverse":[121],"effects.":[122,173],"RESULTS:":[123],"Participants'":[124],"mean":[125],"age":[126],"28.54\u00b110.4":[128],"years":[129],"with":[130,145,164,170,208,233],"females":[131],"constituted":[132],"59%":[133],"sample.":[136],"most":[138],"common":[139],"dose":[140],"5mg":[143],"(33.6%),":[144],"56.5%":[146],"users":[148,189],"consumed":[149],"needed.":[152],"Several":[153],"side":[154,172],"effects":[155],"were":[156],"reported,":[157],"mainly":[158],"drowsiness":[159],"(28.8%)":[160],"headache":[162],"(25.1%),":[163],"only":[165],"1.5%":[166],"no":[171],"significant":[175,206],"proportion":[176],"participants,":[178],"83.8%":[179],"agreed":[180],"improved":[183],"their":[184],"quality,":[186],"78.2%":[187],"safe":[194,224,255],"75.6%":[198],"recommended":[199],"others.":[202],"Age":[203],"had":[204],"association":[207],"relying":[209],"on":[210,243],"for":[212],"sleep,":[213],"meanwhile":[214],"sex":[215],"correlated":[217,232],"belief":[220],"use.":[226],"Working":[227],"educational":[229],"status":[230],"willingness":[235],"recommend":[237],"others":[240],"reliance":[242],"melatonin.":[244],"CONCLUSION:":[245],"widely":[248],"generally":[251],"perceived":[252],"effective":[257],"aid,":[259],"though":[260],"notable":[261],"variations":[262],"dosing,":[264],"reliance,":[265],"misuse":[267],"exist":[268],"across":[269],"demographic":[270],"groups.":[271],"results":[273],"highlight":[274],"specified":[276],"education":[277],"clearer":[279],"guidance":[280],"required":[282],"warrant":[284],"safe,":[285],"informed,":[286],"appropriate":[288],"particularly":[291],"among":[292],"older":[293],"students.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-08-16T00:00:00"}
