{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203558720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70738","title":"Cattle and bison grazing decreases monarch egg and larval abundance in the Central United States","display_name":"Cattle and bison grazing decreases monarch egg and larval abundance in the Central United States","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203558720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ecs2.70738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98723585","display_name":"Ecosphere","issn_l":"2150-8925","issn":["2150-8925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecosphere","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70738","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Grace Thomas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122266389","display_name":"University of Nebraska at Omaha","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrkc140","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Grace Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology University of Nebraska at Omaha  Omaha Nebraska USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology University of Nebraska at Omaha  Omaha Nebraska USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071980793","display_name":"Christopher J. Helzer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280640908","display_name":"The Nature Conservancy","ror":"https://ror.org/0563w1497","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280640908"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. Helzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Nature Conservancy  Aurora Nebraska USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Nature Conservancy  Aurora Nebraska USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280640908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043881421","display_name":"Jeffrey H. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-9569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-9569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University, Konza Prairie Biological Station  Manhattan Kansas USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-9569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Konza Prairie Biological Station  Manhattan Kansas USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113235179","display_name":"Joshua D. Wiese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-8143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-8143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284668","display_name":"Crane Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/03zv9dd17","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284668"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua D. Wiese","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Crane Trust  Wood River Nebraska USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Crane Trust  Wood River Nebraska USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001837057","display_name":"Timothy L. Dickson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-9103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-9103"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122266389","display_name":"University of Nebraska at Omaha","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrkc140","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy L. Dickson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology University of Nebraska at Omaha  Omaha Nebraska USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-9103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology University of Nebraska at Omaha  Omaha Nebraska USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122266389"],"apc_list":{"value":2430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2430},"apc_paid":{"value":2430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2430},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.37059998512268066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.37059998512268066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.1817999929189682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.10610000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monarch-butterfly","display_name":"monarch butterfly","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/milkweed","display_name":"milkweed","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-grazing","display_name":"cattle grazing","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bison-grazing","display_name":"bison grazing","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rangeland","display_name":"rangeland","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monarch-conservation","display_name":"monarch conservation","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grazing-intensity","display_name":"grazing intensity","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grazing-timing","display_name":"grazing timing","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-use","display_name":"herbicide application","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/row-crop-agriculture","display_name":"row crop agriculture","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775835988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733","display_name":"Grassland","level":2,"score":0.7389000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6937999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3239189","display_name":"Grazing","level":2,"score":0.6894000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77077793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336019","display_name":"Abundance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6297000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130989795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3364870","display_name":"Rangeland","level":2,"score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179345059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11394","display_name":"Endangered species","level":3,"score":0.5828999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24518262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16197023","display_name":"Threatened species","level":3,"score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780028475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212398","display_name":"Monarch butterfly","level":2,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4287000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1516282","display_name":"Juvenile","level":2,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186493943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5162962","display_name":"Conservation grazing","level":3,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46325548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59099","display_name":"Herbivore","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153829536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5162932","display_name":"Conservation Reserve Program","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155461473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219127","display_name":"Critically endangered","level":4,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ecs2.70738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98723585","display_name":"Ecosphere","issn_l":"2150-8925","issn":["2150-8925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecosphere","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ecs2.70738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98723585","display_name":"Ecosphere","issn_l":"2150-8925","issn":["2150-8925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecosphere","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6735000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311308","display_name":"University of Nebraska Omaha","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrkc140"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315140","display_name":"Nature Conservancy","ror":"https://ror.org/0563w1497"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608086772","https://openalex.org/W1984685226","https://openalex.org/W2040998916","https://openalex.org/W2057791186","https://openalex.org/W2078724924","https://openalex.org/W2106905020","https://openalex.org/W2120934625","https://openalex.org/W2125335003","https://openalex.org/W2125664929","https://openalex.org/W2138143480","https://openalex.org/W2139907701","https://openalex.org/W2168649037","https://openalex.org/W2267616266","https://openalex.org/W2314522415","https://openalex.org/W2521973699","https://openalex.org/W2602910171","https://openalex.org/W2732077296","https://openalex.org/W2747828786","https://openalex.org/W2783451230","https://openalex.org/W2809200660","https://openalex.org/W2883596709","https://openalex.org/W2885479346","https://openalex.org/W2950125598","https://openalex.org/W3010387904","https://openalex.org/W3082948176","https://openalex.org/W3090965792","https://openalex.org/W3139995702","https://openalex.org/W4205157107","https://openalex.org/W4205764965","https://openalex.org/W4293484552","https://openalex.org/W4318035343","https://openalex.org/W4391912830","https://openalex.org/W4398773699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223610887","https://openalex.org/W7221826480","https://openalex.org/W7163921483","https://openalex.org/W3005233784","https://openalex.org/W2935325536","https://openalex.org/W4318035343","https://openalex.org/W2592927802","https://openalex.org/W2922302014","https://openalex.org/W2987802351","https://openalex.org/W3005523812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Monarch":[1],"butterflies":[2],"have":[3,9,89],"experienced":[4],"massive":[5],"population":[6],"declines":[7],"and":[8,35,52,104,135,145,156,167,173,205,228,275,289],"been":[10,77],"proposed":[11],"to":[12,47,72,82,266,282],"be":[13,109],"listed":[14],"as":[15],"threatened":[16],"under":[17],"the":[18,28,42,53,63,68,95,126,234],"U.S.":[19],"Endangered":[20],"Species":[21],"Act.":[22],"Milkweeds":[23],"(":[24],"Asclepias":[25],"spp.)":[26],"are":[27,162],"sole":[29],"host":[30],"plant":[31],"for":[32,250],"monarch":[33,73,137,197,212,244,251,290],"larvae,":[34,74],"milkweed":[36,84,106,134,182,288],"abundance":[37,107,138,198,213],"has":[38,76],"dramatically":[39],"declined":[40],"in":[41,112,152,181,217,259],"past":[43],"25":[44],"years":[45],"due":[46],"increased":[48],"usage":[49],"of":[50,55,62,70,94,125,237],"herbicides":[51],"spread":[54],"row":[56,267],"crop":[57,268],"agriculture":[58,269],"that":[59,98,105,210,223,255,285],"covers":[60,123],"21%":[61],"continental":[64,127],"United":[65,128,158],"States.":[66,129,159],"Given":[67],"importance":[69],"milkweeds":[71,103,189],"there":[75],"a":[78],"major":[79],"conservation":[80,87,118,165,252],"effort":[81],"increase":[83,287],"abundance.":[85,291],"However,":[86],"efforts":[88],"largely":[90],"ignored":[91],"rangeland":[92,122,224,254],"because":[93,121,253],"incorrect":[96],"assumption":[97],"grazers":[99],"do":[100],"not":[101,178,200,257],"consume":[102],"may":[108],"near":[110],"maximum":[111],"rangeland.":[113],"This":[114],"is":[115,248,256,263],"an":[116],"important":[117,249],"blind":[119],"spot":[120],"34%":[124],"In":[130],"2023,":[131],"we":[132],"compared":[133],"juvenile":[136,196,211,238,243],"(eggs":[139],"+":[140],"larvae)":[141],"between":[142,203],"ungrazed,":[143],"cattle\u2010grazed,":[144],"bison\u2010grazed":[146,174],"grassland":[147,175,192,207,219],"units":[148,176],"at":[149],"six":[150],"sites":[151,161],"Nebraska,":[153],"Iowa,":[154],"Missouri,":[155],"Kansas,":[157],"The":[160],"owned":[163],"by":[164,226,272],"organizations":[166],"grazed":[168,225,258],"with":[169],"moderate":[170],"intensity.":[171],"Ungrazed":[172],"did":[177,199],"significantly":[179,201],"differ":[180,202],"abundance,":[183,245],"but":[184,209],"they":[185],"had":[186],"5.4\u00d7":[187],"more":[188,232],"than":[190,233],"cattle\u2010grazed":[191,206],"units.":[193,220],"We":[194,221,278],"found":[195],"bison\u2010":[204],"units,":[208],"was":[214],"6.4\u00d7":[215],"higher":[216],"ungrazed":[218],"conclude":[222],"cattle":[227],"bison":[229],"can":[230],"support":[231],"current":[235],"level":[236],"monarchs.":[239],"Although":[240],"grazing":[241,247,283],"reduced":[242],"continued":[246],"this":[260],"study":[261],"region":[262],"typically":[264],"converted":[265],"or":[270],"invaded":[271],"eastern":[273],"redcedar":[274],"other":[276],"trees.":[277],"also":[279],"discuss":[280],"changes":[281],"timing":[284],"could":[286]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-16T00:00:00"}