{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203555331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.041.02.6171","title":"Dapagliflozin Alone or Combined with Semaglutide: Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a 6-Month Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia","display_name":"Dapagliflozin Alone or Combined with Semaglutide: Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a 6-Month Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study in Saudi Arabia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203555331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.041.02.6171","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42802824","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13616068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15605/jafes.041.02.6171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.041.02.6171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.041.02.6171","pdf_url":"https://asean-endocrinejournal.org/index.php/JAFES/article/download/6171/5346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737532273","display_name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","issn_l":"0857-1074","issn":["0857-1074","2308-118X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319565","host_organization_name":"ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7203555331"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://asean-endocrinejournal.org/index.php/JAFES/article/download/6171/5346","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047036950","display_name":"Rasmah Alharajin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1046-1861","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1046-1861"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095597","display_name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/009p8zv69","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rasmah Alharajin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1046-1861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014014769","display_name":"Muneera AlTaweel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-486X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-486X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095597","display_name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/009p8zv69","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muneera Altaweel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiac Science, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-486X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiac Science, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045407568","display_name":"Maram AlSubaiee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maram AlSubaiee","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing, KSAU-HS, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing, KSAU-HS, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079638661","display_name":"Saleh Almekhloof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-6891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-6891"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleh Al Makhloof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Pharmacy Services, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-6891","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Pharmacy Services, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101688699","display_name":"Abdulmohsen Almusaad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8426-581X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8426-581X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095597","display_name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/009p8zv69","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulmohsen Almusaad","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114091008","display_name":"Abdulrahman Abdullatif Alarfaj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Alarfaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048557684","display_name":"Ahmad Khalid Alkhayyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8168-2211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8168-2211"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad AlKhayyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8168-2211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144124659","display_name":"Noor M Altharman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095597","display_name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/009p8zv69","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor Altharman","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139635249","display_name":"Ahmed Alalawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1747-6921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1747-6921"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Alalawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1747-6921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120358496","display_name":"Noora Almannai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2292-1439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2292-1439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142938","display_name":"King Hamad University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0538fxe03","country_code":"BH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142938"]}],"countries":["BH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noora Almannai","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Hamad University Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2292-1439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Hamad University Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079185932","display_name":"Munirah Alohaymid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munirah Alohaymid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018187005","display_name":"Afnan Alsaad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afnan Alsaad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147235816","display_name":"Turkiah Alotaibi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Turkiah Alotaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111076803","display_name":"Reem Alkhaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0274-4698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0274-4698"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reem Alkhaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0274-4698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003944568","display_name":"Ghusoon Almoaibed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghusoon Almoaibed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087508276","display_name":"Jawaher Yousef AlRashada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-8881","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-8881"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jawaher Alrashada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-8881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086417609","display_name":"Abdullatif Waleed Alarfaj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullatif Alarfaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143719765","display_name":"Turki Alqarni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Turki Alqarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","Makkah Healthcare Cluster, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Makkah Healthcare Cluster, Makkah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144148420","display_name":"Abdullah Alshahrani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335369389","display_name":"Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00mtny680","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335369389"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Alshahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335369389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055046249","display_name":"Ibrahim Aldossary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0837-6761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0837-6761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134149","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04cjdzt83","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134149"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibraheem Aldossary","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018701743","display_name":"SEHAM A. KHASHWAYN","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6516-9608","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6516-9608"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095597","display_name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/009p8zv69","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seham Khashwayn","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6516-9608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114277861","display_name":"Ali Al Qarni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095597","display_name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/009p8zv69","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134149","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04cjdzt83","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali AlQarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106538239","display_name":"Yaqob Samir Taleb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0751-6643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0751-6643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095597","display_name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/009p8zv69","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4517696","display_name":"National Guard Health Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/02pecpe58","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqob Taleb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiac Science, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0751-6643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiac Science, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4517696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I4517696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104271065","display_name":"Mareyah Alshaikh Husain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mareyah Alshaikh Husain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, MNGHA Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047036950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I4210095597","https://openalex.org/I4517696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"75","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dapagliflozin","display_name":"dapagliflozin","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semaglutide","display_name":"semaglutide","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sglt2-inhibitors","display_name":"SGLT2 inhibitors","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glp-1-receptor-agonists","display_name":"GLP-1 receptor agonists","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"heart failure","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-infarction","display_name":"myocardial infarction","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-outcomes","display_name":"renal outcomes","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-profile","display_name":"lipid profile","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-function","display_name":"renal function","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-arabia","display_name":"Saudi Arabia","score":0.574999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9753999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909862629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27261089","display_name":"Semaglutide","level":5,"score":0.9358999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777422806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409898","display_name":"Dapagliflozin","level":4,"score":0.9312999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.5903000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500558357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12152","display_name":"Myocardial infarction","level":2,"score":0.5838000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5834000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304270","display_name":"Combination therapy","level":2,"score":0.5582000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21011228","display_name":"Dulaglutide","level":5,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780533449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417762","display_name":"Exenatide","level":4,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775887513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373824","display_name":"Empagliflozin","level":4,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777448766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290001","display_name":"Gliclazide","level":3,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185280430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14909910","display_name":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor","level":4,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778563252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170617","display_name":"Glucagon","level":3,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778270857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2723972","display_name":"Lipid profile","level":3,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077203","descriptor_name":"Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000099194","descriptor_name":"Semaglutide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001559","descriptor_name":"Benzhydryl Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004763","descriptor_name":"Glucagon-Like Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005960","descriptor_name":"Glucosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006442","descriptor_name":"Glycated Hemoglobin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15605/jafes.041.02.6171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.041.02.6171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.041.02.6171","pdf_url":"https://asean-endocrinejournal.org/index.php/JAFES/article/download/6171/5346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737532273","display_name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","issn_l":"0857-1074","issn":["0857-1074","2308-118X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319565","host_organization_name":"ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13616068","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13616068/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13616068/pdf/JAFES-41-2-075.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42802824","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42802824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15605/jafes.041.02.6171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.041.02.6171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.041.02.6171","pdf_url":"https://asean-endocrinejournal.org/index.php/JAFES/article/download/6171/5346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737532273","display_name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","issn_l":"0857-1074","issn":["0857-1074","2308-118X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319565","host_organization_name":"ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203555331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203555331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520609538","https://openalex.org/W2077760013","https://openalex.org/W2097128971","https://openalex.org/W2123946565","https://openalex.org/W2146264128","https://openalex.org/W2158057499","https://openalex.org/W2159883745","https://openalex.org/W2337454357","https://openalex.org/W2425644022","https://openalex.org/W2444268874","https://openalex.org/W2516812220","https://openalex.org/W2519510391","https://openalex.org/W2553563563","https://openalex.org/W2593691145","https://openalex.org/W2596179513","https://openalex.org/W2752707491","https://openalex.org/W2773791657","https://openalex.org/W2807279220","https://openalex.org/W2808008353","https://openalex.org/W2894993577","https://openalex.org/W2910145779","https://openalex.org/W2919368874","https://openalex.org/W2939222610","https://openalex.org/W2948579396","https://openalex.org/W2948612418","https://openalex.org/W2972869264","https://openalex.org/W2974260792","https://openalex.org/W3008930226","https://openalex.org/W3088173406","https://openalex.org/W3093042356","https://openalex.org/W3159345778","https://openalex.org/W3177122952","https://openalex.org/W3185437491","https://openalex.org/W4254397911","https://openalex.org/W4254445254","https://openalex.org/W4288060091","https://openalex.org/W4289523107","https://openalex.org/W4315780751","https://openalex.org/W4324017918","https://openalex.org/W4389966083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7168087625","https://openalex.org/W7162133264","https://openalex.org/W7168122732","https://openalex.org/W4306630441","https://openalex.org/W7130386320","https://openalex.org/W4409737712","https://openalex.org/W4412859203","https://openalex.org/W4404710290","https://openalex.org/W7140282984","https://openalex.org/W7171074592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Type":[1],"2":[2,79,95],"diabetes":[3,80,96],"mellitus":[4,81,97],"(T2DM)":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,180,191],"growing":[8],"global":[9],"health":[10],"concern":[11],"linked":[12],"to":[13,129,216,235],"increased":[14],"cardiovascular":[15,61,135,164],"and":[16,27,62,139,145,165,179,190,207,226,239],"renal":[17,63,140,166,177],"complications.":[18],"Two":[19],"emerging":[20],"therapeutic":[21],"classes,":[22],"sodium-glucose":[23],"cotransporter-2":[24],"inhibitors":[25],"(SGLT2i)":[26],"glucagon":[28],"like":[29],"peptide-1":[30],"receptor":[31],"agonists":[32],"(GLP-1":[33],"RAs),":[34],"have":[35],"shown":[36],"independent":[37],"cardiometabolic":[38],"benefits.":[39],"However,":[40,214],"limited":[41],"realworld":[42],"data":[43],"exist":[44],"on":[45],"the":[46,60,217],"comparative":[47],"impact":[48],"of":[49,65,205],"combining":[50],"these":[51,237],"therapies":[52],"versus":[53,68],"using":[54],"SGLT2i":[55,206],"alone.":[56],"Objective:":[57],"To":[58],"compare":[59],"outcomes":[64,178],"dapagliflozin":[66,116],"monotherapy":[67],"combination":[69,120],"therapy":[70,172],"with":[71,77,92,121,175],"once-weekly":[72],"injectable":[73],"semaglutide":[74],"among":[75],"patients":[76,91],"type":[78,94],"(T2DM).":[82],"Methodology:":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"retrospective":[86],"cohort":[87],"study,":[88],"539":[89],"adult":[90],"confirmed":[93],"(T2DM;":[98],"baseline":[99],"HbA1c":[100],"\u22656.5%)":[101],"treated":[102],"at":[103],"King":[104],"Abdulaziz":[105],"Hospital,":[106],"Al-Ahsa,":[107],"were":[108,127],"followed":[109],"over":[110],"six":[111],"months.":[112],"Patients":[113],"received":[114],"either":[115],"alone":[117],"or":[118],"in":[119,132,160,182,211],"semaglutide.":[122],"Generalized":[123],"Estimating":[124],"Equations":[125],"(GEE)":[126],"used":[128],"assess":[130],"changes":[131],"glycemic":[133,188],"control,":[134],"events,":[136],"lipid":[137],"profile,":[138],"function,":[141],"adjusting":[142],"for":[143],"time":[144],"sex.":[146],"Results:":[147],"=":[148],"0.13)":[149],"did":[150],"not":[151],"reach":[152],"statistical":[153],"significance.":[154],"No":[155],"significant":[156],"difference":[157],"was":[158,173],"observed":[159],"stroke":[161],"risk.":[162,198],"Most":[163],"markers":[167],"improved":[168],"modestly.":[169],"Conclusion:":[170],"Combination":[171],"associated":[174],"favorable":[176],"reduction":[181],"heart":[183],"failure":[184],"risk,":[185],"despite":[186],"inferior":[187],"control":[189],"non-significant":[192],"trend":[193],"toward":[194],"reduced":[195],"myocardial":[196],"infarction":[197],"These":[199],"findings":[200],"suggest":[201],"potential":[202],"complementary":[203],"effects":[204],"GLP-1":[208],"RA":[209],"treatment":[210,241],"high-risk":[212],"patients.":[213],"due":[215],"retrospective,":[218],"non-randomized":[219],"design,":[220],"causal":[221],"relationships":[222],"cannot":[223],"be":[224],"inferred,":[225],"residual":[227],"confounding":[228],"may":[229],"exist.":[230],"Prospective":[231],"trials":[232],"are":[233],"warranted":[234],"confirm":[236],"associations":[238],"guide":[240],"optimization.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-08-16T00:00:00"}