{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203498435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar6040050","title":"Reflector Material Effects on the Outdoor Thermal Response of Helical-Absorber Parabolic Trough Collectors","display_name":"Reflector Material Effects on the Outdoor Thermal Response of Helical-Absorber Parabolic Trough Collectors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203498435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar6040050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/solar6040050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar6040050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar6040050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225712","display_name":"Solar","issn_l":"2673-9941","issn":["2673-9941"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Solar","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar6040050","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002180271","display_name":"Asad Ali Zaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-5684","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-5684"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151290","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asad A. Zaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-5684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093361704","display_name":"Kashif Ahmed Soomro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4387-4536","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4387-4536"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191365509","display_name":"Hamdard University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zrv0z61","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191365509"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kashif Ahmed Soomro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Hamdard University, Karachi 74600, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4387-4536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Hamdard University, Karachi 74600, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191365509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072003685","display_name":"Mohsin Sattar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5531-0765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5531-0765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsin Sattar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5531-0765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050026167","display_name":"Rahool Rai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7503-8810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7503-8810"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rahool Rai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty for Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan 26600, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7503-8810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty for Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan 26600, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002180271","https://openalex.org/A5050026167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810","https://openalex.org/I4210151290"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"50","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13298","display_name":"Solar Energy Systems and Technologies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11945","display_name":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parabolic-trough-collector","display_name":"parabolic trough collector","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflector-materials","display_name":"reflector materials","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mirror-glass","display_name":"mirror glass","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/304-stainless-steel","display_name":"304 stainless steel","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-thermal-collectors","display_name":"solar thermal collectors","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorber-plate-temperature","display_name":"absorber temperature","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflectance","display_name":"specular reflectance","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-scattering","display_name":"light scattering","score":0.8600000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2051219","display_name":"Parabolic trough","level":3,"score":0.8959000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5942000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.5181999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.5034000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778415886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1823435","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","level":3,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.48249998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151011524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11573","display_name":"Metre","level":2,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201289731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172599","display_name":"Inlet","level":2,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116903202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1087850","display_name":"Parabolic reflector","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89394759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192593","display_name":"Thermal radiation","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50406533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104","display_name":"Thermal efficiency","level":3,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40221189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064198","display_name":"Solar gain","level":3,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32239851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7846538","display_name":"Trough (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985831756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107291880","display_name":"Maximum temperature","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138081364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852013","display_name":"Shield","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.25060001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168068576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190241","display_name":"Thermocouple","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/solar6040050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar6040050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar6040050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225712","display_name":"Solar","issn_l":"2673-9941","issn":["2673-9941"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Solar","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3416babf49f74eb18ca9b9ea276e5a16","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3416babf49f74eb18ca9b9ea276e5a16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Solar, Vol 6, Iss 4, p 50 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22124263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22124263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22124263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22124264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22124264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22124264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/solar6040050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar6040050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar6040050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225712","display_name":"Solar","issn_l":"2673-9941","issn":["2673-9941"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Solar","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G547700977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CZ.02.01.01/00/22 008/0004631","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012451450","https://openalex.org/W2070537747","https://openalex.org/W2090437033","https://openalex.org/W2790197754","https://openalex.org/W2794371812","https://openalex.org/W2811286146","https://openalex.org/W2901389182","https://openalex.org/W2909585902","https://openalex.org/W2967089731","https://openalex.org/W3010027272","https://openalex.org/W3012124401","https://openalex.org/W3097901865","https://openalex.org/W3110336743","https://openalex.org/W3113190001","https://openalex.org/W3125533392","https://openalex.org/W3134465473","https://openalex.org/W3195824628","https://openalex.org/W4224086212","https://openalex.org/W4282044107","https://openalex.org/W4308314576","https://openalex.org/W4366507038","https://openalex.org/W4384344963","https://openalex.org/W4385511024","https://openalex.org/W4386475805","https://openalex.org/W4389616920","https://openalex.org/W4394911002","https://openalex.org/W4408405189","https://openalex.org/W4412619240","https://openalex.org/W4415369956","https://openalex.org/W7119467683","https://openalex.org/W7161968516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389616920","https://openalex.org/W2345005439","https://openalex.org/W3046990164","https://openalex.org/W4251166721","https://openalex.org/W6912623633","https://openalex.org/W4390483711","https://openalex.org/W3020843772","https://openalex.org/W2908167601","https://openalex.org/W2957099556","https://openalex.org/W4388153215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,85,111,215],"short-term":[4],"outdoor":[5],"comparison":[6],"of":[7,95,150,160,184,189,218],"mirror-glass":[8,108],"and":[9,41,46,52,73,99,117,156,193],"AISI":[10],"304":[11],"stainless-steel":[12],"reflectors":[13],"in":[14,138,148],"parabolic":[15],"trough":[16],"collectors":[17],"equipped":[18,83],"with":[19,84,198],"identical":[20],"helical":[21],"copper":[22],"absorbers.":[23],"Both":[24],"configurations":[25],"were":[26,55,68],"operated":[27],"simultaneously":[28],"using":[29,70],"the":[30,78,107,121,151,166,171,174,179],"same":[31],"collector":[32,219],"geometry,":[33],"fixed":[34,199],"inclination":[35],"angle,":[36],"water-supply":[37],"arrangement,":[38],"measurement":[39,135],"schedule,":[40],"instrumentation.":[42],"Solar":[43],"irradiance,":[44],"inlet":[45],"outlet":[47],"water":[48],"temperatures,":[49],"absorber":[50],"temperature,":[51],"reflector":[53,211],"temperature":[54,71,75,115],"recorded":[56],"over":[57],"three":[58,122],"consecutive":[59],"experimental":[60],"days,":[61],"namely":[62],"24\u201326":[63],"October":[64],"2025.":[65],"The":[66,102,142,204],"results":[67,104],"evaluated":[69],"rise":[72],"time-dependent":[74],"output":[76],"because":[77],"gravity-assisted":[79],"system":[80],"was":[81],"not":[82,129],"flow":[86],"meter":[87],"or":[88,137],"active":[89],"flow-control":[90],"device,":[91],"preventing":[92],"reliable":[93],"calculation":[94],"useful":[96],"heat":[97],"gain":[98],"thermal":[100],"efficiency.":[101],"descriptive":[103],"showed":[105],"that":[106],"configuration":[109],"produced":[110],"modestly":[112],"higher":[113,153],"overall":[114],"response":[116],"lower":[118,157],"variation":[119],"among":[120],"daily":[123,140],"mean":[124],"values,":[125],"although":[126],"it":[127],"did":[128],"outperform":[130],"stainless":[131],"steel":[132],"at":[133],"every":[134,139],"time":[136],"average.":[141],"observed":[143],"difference":[144],"is":[145],"interpreted":[146],"primarily":[147],"terms":[149],"expected":[152],"specular":[154],"reflectivity":[155,191],"optical":[158],"scattering":[159],"mirror":[161],"glass,":[162],"which":[163],"can":[164],"increase":[165],"solar":[167],"radiation":[168],"intercepted":[169],"by":[170,178],"absorber.":[172],"However,":[173],"conclusions":[175],"are":[176],"limited":[177],"three-day":[180],"testing":[181],"period,":[182],"absence":[183],"verified":[185],"mass-flow":[186],"data,":[187],"lack":[188],"direct":[190],"measurements,":[192],"unquantified":[194],"cosine":[195],"losses":[196],"associated":[197],"operation":[200],"without":[201],"automatic":[202],"tracking.":[203],"findings":[205],"therefore":[206],"provide":[207],"configuration-specific":[208],"guidance":[209],"for":[210],"selection":[212],"rather":[213],"than":[214],"generalized":[216],"ranking":[217],"performance.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-08-15T00:00:00"}
