{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203481066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834","title":"Project-Based Learning Based on Collaborative Reflection (PJBL-CR) as a Learning Innovation in Pancasila Education: A Qualitative Study of Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students","display_name":"Project-Based Learning Based on Collaborative Reflection (PJBL-CR) as a Learning Innovation in Pancasila Education: A Qualitative Study of Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203481066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387293023","display_name":"Information Technology Education Journal","issn_l":"2809-7971","issn":["2809-7971","2809-798X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315207","host_organization_name":"State University of Makassar","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Makassar"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Technology Education Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119241543","display_name":"Feby Arief Nugroho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4936-8492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4936-8492"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258850","display_name":"Universitas Doktor Nugroho Magetan","ror":"https://ror.org/019warg04","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258850"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feby Arief Nugroho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Doktor Nugroho Magetan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4936-8492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Doktor Nugroho Magetan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119241544","display_name":"Ida Wahyu Wijayati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0876-8444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0876-8444"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258850","display_name":"Universitas Doktor Nugroho Magetan","ror":"https://ror.org/019warg04","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258850"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ida Wahyu Wijayati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Doktor Nugroho Magetan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0876-8444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Doktor Nugroho Magetan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028594655","display_name":"Marsini Marsini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7068-1394","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7068-1394"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258850","display_name":"Universitas Doktor Nugroho Magetan","ror":"https://ror.org/019warg04","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258850"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marsini Marsini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Doktor Nugroho Magetan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7068-1394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Doktor Nugroho Magetan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258850"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069867164","display_name":"Unik Ambarwati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2159-048X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2159-048X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127859547","display_name":"Yogyakarta State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fryw881","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127859547"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Unik Ambar Wati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2159-048X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127859547"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"179","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13348","display_name":"Pancasila Values in Education","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13348","display_name":"Pancasila Values in Education","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13830","display_name":"Educational Curriculum and Learning Methods","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-based-learning","display_name":"project-based learning","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-reflection","display_name":"collaborative reflection","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancasila-education","display_name":"Pancasila education","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-education","display_name":"character education","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-innovation","display_name":"learning innovation","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fifth-grade-students","display_name":"fifth grade students","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-participation","display_name":"student participation","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-collaboration","display_name":"group collaboration","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflective-journaling","display_name":"reflective journals","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/21st-century-skills","display_name":"21st century skills","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancasila-values","display_name":"Pancasila values","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-decision-making","display_name":"democratic decision-making","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tolerance","display_name":"tolerance","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-cooperation","display_name":"mutual cooperation","score":0.6570000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6758999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6687999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.41769999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51672120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303446","display_name":"Cooperative learning","level":3,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10050518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975085","display_name":"Primary education","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132413290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307322","display_name":"Reflective practice","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53173841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897444","display_name":"Action research","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387293023","display_name":"Information Technology Education Journal","issn_l":"2809-7971","issn":["2809-7971","2809-798X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315207","host_organization_name":"State University of Makassar","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Makassar"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Technology Education Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59562/intec.v5i3.12834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387293023","display_name":"Information Technology Education Journal","issn_l":"2809-7971","issn":["2809-7971","2809-798X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315207","host_organization_name":"State University of Makassar","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Makassar"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Technology Education Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415774885","https://openalex.org/W4412411339","https://openalex.org/W4416789874","https://openalex.org/W4411414190","https://openalex.org/W4390245443","https://openalex.org/W4407557564","https://openalex.org/W7153536844","https://openalex.org/W7216254610","https://openalex.org/W4411194895","https://openalex.org/W7215749937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"\u2013":[1,76,134,244],"Pancasila":[2,23,68,90,194,294],"Education":[3,69,91],"in":[4,67,140,161,183,262,272],"elementary":[5,72,263],"schools":[6],"is":[7],"often":[8],"implemented":[9],"through":[10,102],"teacher-centered":[11],"approaches,":[12],"which":[13],"may":[14,248],"limit":[15],"students\u2019":[16,141],"active":[17,159],"participation":[18,160,182],"and":[19,35,45,88,110,122,130,190,211,222,237,259],"opportunities":[20],"to":[21,25,41,52,166,169,174,180,188,198,285,302],"relate":[22],"values":[24,195],"everyday":[26],"experiences.":[27],"Therefore,":[28],"learning":[29,37,65,142,253,281],"innovations":[30],"that":[31,227],"provide":[32],"meaningful,":[33],"collaborative,":[34],"reflective":[36],"experiences":[38,288],"are":[39,318],"needed":[40],"support":[42,206],"character":[43,257],"development":[44],"21st-century":[46,260],"competencies.":[47],"Objective:":[48],"This":[49,77],"study":[50,78,299],"aimed":[51],"describe":[53],"the":[54,117,145,148,208,269,273,290],"implementation":[55,146,292],"of":[56,120,125,147,193,268,276,293,310],"Project-Based":[57],"Learning":[58],"with":[59,289,306],"Collaborative":[60],"Reflection":[61],"(PJBL-CR)":[62],"as":[63,204,215,250],"a":[64,80,303,307],"innovation":[66],"for":[70,207,255],"fifth-grade":[71,86],"school":[73,264],"students.":[74],"Method":[75],"employed":[79],"qualitative":[81,209],"descriptive":[82,205],"approach":[83],"involving":[84,314],"14":[85],"students":[87,231,284],"one":[89],"teacher":[92],"at":[93],"SDN":[94],"Kraton":[95],"6,":[96],"Magetan,":[97],"Indonesia.":[98],"Data":[99],"were":[100,114,202,212],"collected":[101],"classroom":[103,152,305],"observations,":[104],"semi-structured":[105],"interviews,":[106],"student":[107],"reflection":[108,220,229,278],"journals,":[109],"documentation.":[111],"The":[112,135,245,266],"data":[113,126,128,224],"analyzed":[115],"using":[116],"interactive":[118],"model":[119,247,270],"Miles":[121],"Huberman,":[123],"consisting":[124],"reduction,":[127],"display,":[129],"conclusion":[131],"drawing.":[132],"Results":[133],"findings":[136,210],"indicate":[137],"observed":[138],"changes":[139],"activities":[143,185],"during":[144,240],"PJBL-CR":[149,246],"model.":[150],"Descriptive":[151],"observations":[153],"showed":[154],"increases":[155],"across":[156],"five":[157],"indicators:":[158],"discussions":[162],"increased":[163],"from":[164,172,178,186,196],"42%":[165],"86%,":[167],"ability":[168],"express":[170],"opinions":[171],"35%":[173],"79%,":[175],"group":[176],"collaboration":[177],"50%":[179],"88%,":[181],"project":[184,241,287],"47%":[187],"90%,":[189],"contextual":[191],"understanding":[192],"53%":[197],"84%.":[199],"These":[200],"percentages":[201],"used":[203],"not":[213],"intended":[214],"inferential":[216],"statistical":[217],"evidence.":[218],"Student":[219],"journals":[221],"interview":[223],"further":[225,312],"suggest":[226],"collaborative":[228,277],"helped":[230],"examine":[232],"responsibility,":[233],"tolerance,":[234],"mutual":[235],"cooperation,":[236],"democratic":[238],"decision-making":[239],"activities.":[242],"Conclusion":[243],"serve":[249],"an":[251],"alternative":[252],"strategy":[254],"strengthening":[256],"education":[258],"competencies":[261],"contexts.":[265],"novelty":[267],"lies":[271],"systematic":[274],"integration":[275],"throughout":[279],"project-based":[280],"phases,":[282],"enabling":[283],"connect":[286],"practical":[291],"values.":[295],"However,":[296],"because":[297],"this":[298],"was":[300],"limited":[301],"single":[304],"small":[308],"number":[309],"participants,":[311],"studies":[313],"broader":[315],"educational":[316],"contexts":[317],"recommended.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-08-15T00:00:00"}