{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203479080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16040150","title":"Food Safety Evaluation of Potential Human Exposure to Toxic Metals in Tuna Species","display_name":"Food Safety Evaluation of Potential Human Exposure to Toxic Metals in Tuna Species","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203479080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16040150","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42646064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jox16040150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16040150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16040150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179895","display_name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","issn_l":"2039-4705","issn":["2039-4705","2039-4713"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319913","host_organization_name":"PAGEPress (Italy)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319913"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PAGEPress (Italy)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16040150","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033721831","display_name":"J\u00f3zsef Lehel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-0566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-0566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136554","display_name":"University of Veterinary Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03vayv672","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136554"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f3zsef Lehel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-0566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147147191","display_name":"Mih\u00e1ly N\u00e9meth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136554","display_name":"University of Veterinary Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03vayv672","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136554"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mih\u00e1ly N\u00e9meth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P\u00e9ter Palot\u00e1s","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290523313","display_name":"Magyar Agr\u00e1r- \u00e9s \u00c9lettudom\u00e1nyi Egyetem","ror":"https://ror.org/01394d192","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290523313"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P\u00e9ter Palot\u00e1s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Refrigeration and Livestock Products Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Refrigeration and Livestock Products Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290523313"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052039917","display_name":"Bal\u00e1zs Berlinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4791-1269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4791-1269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136554","display_name":"University of Veterinary Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03vayv672","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136554"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bal\u00e1zs Berlinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033721831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136554"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54455027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"150","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.4684999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.4684999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.4189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.033900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuna","display_name":"tuna","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yellowfin-tuna","display_name":"yellowfin tuna","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluefin-tuna","display_name":"bluefin tuna","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxic-metals","display_name":"toxic metals","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arsenic","display_name":"arsenic","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mercury","display_name":"mercury","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioaccumulation","display_name":"bioaccumulation","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-exposure","display_name":"dietary exposure","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-risk-assessment","display_name":"health risk assessment","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tolerable-daily-intake","display_name":"tolerable daily intake","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-index","display_name":"hazard index","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-of-concern","display_name":"threshold of concern","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-consumption","display_name":"fish consumption","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779656528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269781","display_name":"Yellowfin tuna","level":4,"score":0.9351000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780532849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6146274","display_name":"Tuna","level":3,"score":0.9061999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.6317999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.6101999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776327621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13119823","display_name":"Flesh","level":2,"score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777777548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206040","display_name":"Mercury (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5724999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71572567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864231","display_name":"Bioaccumulation","level":2,"score":0.5651000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502230775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871","display_name":"Arsenic","level":2,"score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020782553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8880","display_name":"European commission","level":3,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516717267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909821","display_name":"Food safety","level":2,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155373166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159462","display_name":"Food chain","level":2,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34135077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511075","display_name":"Food contaminant","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778896599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5454664","display_name":"Fish products","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158278297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756633","display_name":"Aquatic animal","level":3,"score":0.2628999948501587}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jox16040150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16040150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16040150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179895","display_name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","issn_l":"2039-4705","issn":["2039-4705","2039-4713"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319913","host_organization_name":"PAGEPress (Italy)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319913"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PAGEPress (Italy)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42646064","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42646064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of xenobiotics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b58c719a96574604b6b138d0e0dd2d46","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b58c719a96574604b6b138d0e0dd2d46","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Xenobiotics, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 150 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13514505","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13514505/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Xenobiot","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jox16040150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16040150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16040150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179895","display_name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","issn_l":"2039-4705","issn":["2039-4705","2039-4713"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319913","host_organization_name":"PAGEPress (Italy)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319913"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PAGEPress (Italy)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5769000053405762},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1870633384","https://openalex.org/W1973808607","https://openalex.org/W1974866548","https://openalex.org/W1988244625","https://openalex.org/W2007008047","https://openalex.org/W2014577587","https://openalex.org/W2054254036","https://openalex.org/W2105206504","https://openalex.org/W2147278788","https://openalex.org/W2404438724","https://openalex.org/W2478009060","https://openalex.org/W2755174639","https://openalex.org/W2793928860","https://openalex.org/W2801582908","https://openalex.org/W2802224494","https://openalex.org/W2903045715","https://openalex.org/W2908529274","https://openalex.org/W3015996493","https://openalex.org/W3045769579","https://openalex.org/W3047589232","https://openalex.org/W3083491572","https://openalex.org/W4210315198","https://openalex.org/W4211117335","https://openalex.org/W4211223486","https://openalex.org/W4254704901","https://openalex.org/W4282925087","https://openalex.org/W4320734520","https://openalex.org/W4376253611","https://openalex.org/W4384938135","https://openalex.org/W4385812641","https://openalex.org/W4387978652","https://openalex.org/W4400199597","https://openalex.org/W4400741900","https://openalex.org/W4409120568","https://openalex.org/W4410407337","https://openalex.org/W4411535432","https://openalex.org/W4412750727"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fish":[0],"has":[1,21],"secured":[2],"its":[3,13],"spot":[4],"as":[5],"an":[6],"important":[7],"source":[8],"of":[9,43,51,91,104,149,154,156,201,221],"human":[10,37],"nutrition":[11],"with":[12],"extraordinarily":[14],"rich":[15],"nutritional":[16],"contents;":[17],"however,":[18],"it":[19],"also":[20],"the":[22,36,89,92,98,142,146,164,199],"ability":[23],"to":[24,55,139],"bioaccumulate":[25],"different":[26],"potentially":[27],"toxic":[28],"elements.":[29],"They":[30],"can":[31],"then":[32],"end":[33],"up":[34],"in":[35,69,88,117,122,152,185,191,207],"diet,":[38],"inducing":[39],"a":[40,81],"wide":[41],"range":[42],"negative":[44],"effects":[45],"on":[46,163],"consumers\u2019":[47],"health.":[48],"The":[49,85,101],"aim":[50],"this":[52],"study":[53],"was":[54,137,172,181,196],"measure":[56],"and":[57,65,74,113,120,132,159,169,176,188,205],"evaluate":[58],"arsenic":[59],"(As),":[60],"cadmium":[61],"(Cd),":[62],"mercury":[63],"(Hg),":[64],"lead":[66],"(Pb)":[67],"concentrations":[68,87,103],"Yellowfin":[70,118,158],"tuna":[71,76,124,187,193],"(Thunnus":[72,77],"albacares)":[73],"Bluefin":[75,123,160,186],"thynnus)":[78],"acquired":[79],"at":[80],"Hungarian":[82],"fishery":[83],"market.":[84],"metal":[86],"flesh":[90],"investigated":[93],"fish":[94],"were":[95,106,125,178],"measured":[96],"by":[97,145],"ICP-MS":[99],"method.":[100],"average":[102],"metals":[105,202],"As:":[107,126],"2.23,":[108],"Cd:":[109,128],"0.01,":[110],"Hg:":[111,130],"0.22,":[112],"Pb:":[114,133],"0.29":[115],"mg/kg":[116,151],"tuna,":[119],"those":[121],"1.26,":[127],"<0.004,":[129],"0.47,":[131],"0.28":[134],"mg/kg.":[135],"Pb":[136,177,190],"found":[138],"be":[140],"over":[141,218],"limit":[143],"set":[144],"European":[147],"Commission":[148],"0.3":[150],"17.5%":[153],"samples":[155],"both":[157,192,208],"tuna.":[161],"Based":[162],"calculated":[165],"EDI":[166],"values,":[167],"As":[168],"Cd":[170],"content":[171],"acceptable,":[173],"but":[174],"Hg":[175,184],"non-compliant.":[179],"THQ":[180],">1":[182,197],"for":[183,189,198,203,216],"species.":[194],"HI":[195],"mixture":[200],"adults":[204],"children":[206],"tunas.":[209],"These":[210],"results":[211],"indicate":[212],"potential":[213],"health":[214],"risks":[215],"consumers":[217],"long-term":[219],"consumption":[220],"these":[222],"fish.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2026-08-15T00:00:00"}
