{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203478433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59683/ijls.v5i1.628","title":"Bridging Policy and Practice: Implementation Gaps in Law Number 14 of 2005 on Teachers and Lecturers during the Merdeka Curriculum Era","display_name":"Bridging Policy and Practice: Implementation Gaps in Law Number 14 of 2005 on Teachers and Lecturers during the Merdeka Curriculum Era","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203478433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59683/ijls.v5i1.628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59683/ijls.v5i1.628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59683/ijls.v5i1.628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59683/ijls.v5i1.628","pdf_url":"https://najahaofficial.id/najahajournal/index.php/IJLS/article/download/628/113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291437","display_name":"International Journal of Law and Society (IJLS)","issn_l":"2827-9042","issn":["2827-9042","2827-9050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law and Society (IJLS)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://najahaofficial.id/najahajournal/index.php/IJLS/article/download/628/113","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081079620","display_name":"Ari Kartiko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1083-3175","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1083-3175"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709193","display_name":"Universitas KH Abdul Chalim","ror":"https://ror.org/02acvhq32","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709193"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ari Kartiko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1083-3175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075514116","display_name":"Mauhibur Rokhman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6369-7040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6369-7040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709193","display_name":"Universitas KH Abdul Chalim","ror":"https://ror.org/02acvhq32","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709193"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauhibur Rokhman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6369-7040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061235456","display_name":"Muhammad Anas Ma`arif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-0902","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-0902"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709193","display_name":"Universitas KH Abdul Chalim","ror":"https://ror.org/02acvhq32","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709193"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Anas Maarif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-0902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016809017","display_name":"Akhmad Sirojuddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1199-0814","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1199-0814"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709193","display_name":"Universitas KH Abdul Chalim","ror":"https://ror.org/02acvhq32","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709193"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akhmad Sirojuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1199-0814","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098959576","display_name":"\u015eahnoza Kayadibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-957X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-957X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173761726","display_name":"Karab\u00fck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wy7gp54","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173761726"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahnoza Kayadibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Karabuk, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-957X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Karabuk, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173761726"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":72.4026,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99904829,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"210","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14291","display_name":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","score":0.7904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14291","display_name":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","score":0.7904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13830","display_name":"Educational Curriculum and Learning Methods","score":0.11540000140666962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13529","display_name":"Education Systems and Policies","score":0.07900000363588333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-status","display_name":"teacher status","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merdeka-curriculum","display_name":"Merdeka Curriculum","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-implementation-gap","display_name":"policy implementation gap","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-certification","display_name":"teacher certification","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-education","display_name":"teacher professional development","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitalization-of-education","display_name":"digitalization of education","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-education","display_name":"artificial intelligence in education","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-pandemic-education","display_name":"post-pandemic education","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy-reform","display_name":"education policy reform","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesia","display_name":"Indonesia","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5651999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4975999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780126709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6979578","display_name":"National curriculum","level":3,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524211801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865436","display_name":"Legal education","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170692843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15987302","display_name":"Legal profession","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779011557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911265","display_name":"Curriculum development","level":3,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522695570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517578","display_name":"Legal research","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67141207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452348","display_name":"Education policy","level":3,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59683/ijls.v5i1.628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59683/ijls.v5i1.628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59683/ijls.v5i1.628","pdf_url":"https://najahaofficial.id/najahajournal/index.php/IJLS/article/download/628/113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291437","display_name":"International Journal of Law and Society (IJLS)","issn_l":"2827-9042","issn":["2827-9042","2827-9050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law and Society (IJLS)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.59683/ijls.v5i1.628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59683/ijls.v5i1.628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59683/ijls.v5i1.628","pdf_url":"https://najahaofficial.id/najahajournal/index.php/IJLS/article/download/628/113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291437","display_name":"International Journal of Law and Society (IJLS)","issn_l":"2827-9042","issn":["2827-9042","2827-9050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Law and Society (IJLS)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.975600004196167,"display_name":"Quality education"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203478433.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203478433.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006961133","https://openalex.org/W2896346893","https://openalex.org/W2906782471","https://openalex.org/W2914238034","https://openalex.org/W3119223471","https://openalex.org/W3132222001","https://openalex.org/W4205494704","https://openalex.org/W4225286312","https://openalex.org/W4312277428","https://openalex.org/W4367311404","https://openalex.org/W4405235631","https://openalex.org/W4409471932","https://openalex.org/W4409894965","https://openalex.org/W4410138018","https://openalex.org/W4410196886","https://openalex.org/W4410599873","https://openalex.org/W4413143924","https://openalex.org/W4413313764","https://openalex.org/W4414085393","https://openalex.org/W4414342531","https://openalex.org/W4415589376","https://openalex.org/W7116361879","https://openalex.org/W7125933548","https://openalex.org/W7134037073","https://openalex.org/W7134113499","https://openalex.org/W7134173497","https://openalex.org/W7140233319","https://openalex.org/W7153354635","https://openalex.org/W7161257648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7149680512","https://openalex.org/W7172246418","https://openalex.org/W7214930802","https://openalex.org/W7167935272","https://openalex.org/W7221283051","https://openalex.org/W7168030179","https://openalex.org/W7217579868","https://openalex.org/W7215815684","https://openalex.org/W7217390705","https://openalex.org/W7171521315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,49,154],"study":[1,155,181],"examines":[2],"the":[3,18,21,25,58,84,112,116,137,158,171,184],"implementation":[4,81],"gaps":[5],"in":[6,98,123],"Indonesia\u2019s":[7],"Law":[8],"Number":[9],"14":[10],"of":[11,20,28,57,89,115],"2005":[12,73],"on":[13],"Teachers":[14],"and":[15,24,35,46,65,68,74,86,92,101,111,119,129,176,195],"Lecturers":[16],"within":[17,142],"context":[19],"Merdeka":[22,117],"Curriculum":[23],"rapid":[26],"transformation":[27],"digital":[29,125,197],"education.":[30],"Despite":[31],"formally":[32],"recognizing":[33],"teachers":[34],"lecturers":[36],"as":[37],"professional":[38,93,193],"educators,":[39],"persistent":[40],"discrepancies":[41],"remain":[42],"between":[43,72,107],"regulatory":[44,121,178],"expectations":[45],"educational":[47,131,152,166],"realities.":[48],"research":[50],"employs":[51],"a":[52,143],"thematic":[53],"policy":[54,69,167],"document":[55],"analysis":[56,77,163],"primary":[59],"legal":[60,102,109,162,186],"framework,":[61],"12":[62],"implementing":[63],"regulations,":[64],"25":[66],"academic":[67],"documents":[70],"published":[71],"2026.":[75],"The":[76,133,180],"identifies":[78],"four":[79],"major":[80],"gaps:":[82],"1)":[83],"bureaucratic":[85],"inequitable":[87],"nature":[88],"teacher":[90,190],"certification":[91],"development":[94],"systems;":[95],"2)":[96],"inconsistencies":[97],"welfare":[99],"distribution":[100],"protection":[103],"mechanisms;":[104],"3)":[105],"misalignment":[106],"centralized":[108],"frameworks":[110],"flexible":[113],"orientation":[114],"Curriculum;":[118],"4)":[120],"limitations":[122],"addressing":[124],"transformation,":[126,168],"artificial":[127],"intelligence,":[128],"post-pandemic":[130],"challenges.":[132],"findings":[134],"reveal":[135],"that":[136],"law":[138],"continues":[139],"to":[140,150,157,188],"operate":[141],"predominantly":[144],"administrative":[145],"paradigm,":[146],"limiting":[147],"its":[148],"responsiveness":[149],"contemporary":[151,165],"demands.":[153],"contributes":[156],"literature":[159],"by":[160],"integrating":[161],"with":[164],"while":[169],"highlighting":[170],"urgent":[172],"need":[173],"for":[174],"adaptive":[175],"future-oriented":[177],"reform.":[179],"recommends":[182],"revising":[183],"existing":[185],"framework":[187],"strengthen":[189],"protection,":[191],"contextualize":[192],"development,":[194],"integrate":[196],"competencies":[198],"into":[199],"national":[200],"education":[201],"policy.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-08-15T00:00:00"}