{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7203469010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.12993","title":"A Theory of Probabilistic Power Provisioning for Data Centers with Distributed Energy Storage","display_name":"A Theory of Probabilistic Power Provisioning for Data Centers with Distributed Energy Storage","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7203469010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.12993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.12993","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.12993","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.12993","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.12993","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030047891","display_name":"C. Emre Koksal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-4446","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-4446"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koksal, Can Emre","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001620765","display_name":"R.A. Barry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry, Richard A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visiting Scientist , Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachussetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Scientist , Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachussetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071131213","display_name":"Artun Sel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-3650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-3650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sel, Artun","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.8568999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.8568999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14098","display_name":"Energy Efficiency in Computing","score":0.07339999824762344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.03280000016093254,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-energy-storage-systems","display_name":"distributed energy storage","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-margin","display_name":"power margin","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-power","display_name":"effective power","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-multiplexing","display_name":"statistical multiplexing","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-correlation","display_name":"temporal correlation","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-aggregation","display_name":"spatial aggregation","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-workloads","display_name":"AI workloads","score":0.7210000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7282999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6552000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89714869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2280470","display_name":"Dimensioning","level":2,"score":0.5408999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45872418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318966","display_name":"Dynamic demand","level":3,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24885549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339678","display_name":"Distributed data store","level":2,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.12993","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.12993","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.12993","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.12993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.12993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.12993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.12993","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.12993","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.12993","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203469010.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7203469010.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043073526","https://openalex.org/W2750165229","https://openalex.org/W2793017822","https://openalex.org/W4404970788","https://openalex.org/W4411344624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7133363942","https://openalex.org/W7212044513","https://openalex.org/W7154994832","https://openalex.org/W1982273051","https://openalex.org/W7125677022","https://openalex.org/W4415007922","https://openalex.org/W2602511068","https://openalex.org/W2105574032","https://openalex.org/W1966502128","https://openalex.org/W7161236484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,224],"growing":[1],"power":[2,11,25,94,238],"demands":[3],"and":[4,40,58,85,112,141,157,163,167,194,201,211,232],"variability":[5],"of":[6,43,61,110,130,138,147],"AI":[7,242],"workloads":[8,206],"make":[9],"electrical":[10],"delivery":[12],"a":[13,48,212,229],"critical":[14],"constraint":[15],"in":[16,91,240],"data-center":[17],"operation.":[18],"Distributed":[19],"energy":[20],"storage":[21,86,161],"can":[22],"reduce":[23],"the":[24,38,59,74,92,97,113,135,139,148,169,181,204,208,218],"capacity":[26],"required":[27,93,114,149],"to":[28,171],"support":[29],"stochastic":[30],"loads,":[31],"but":[32],"its":[33],"benefits":[34],"depend":[35],"fundamentally":[36],"on":[37],"statistics":[39,137],"time":[41,176],"scales":[42],"demand.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"develops":[47],"probabilistic":[49,230],"framework":[50,182,226],"that":[51,65,133],"jointly":[52],"characterizes":[53],"provisioned":[54],"power,":[55,127],"energy-storage":[56],"capacity,":[57],"probability":[60],"overdraw.":[62],"We":[63,151],"show":[64],"storage-assisted":[66,237],"provisioning":[67,239],"separates":[68],"into":[69],"two":[70],"operating":[71],"regimes.":[72],"In":[73,96],"Small":[75],"Battery":[76,99],"Region,":[77,100],"overdraw":[78,101],"is":[79],"dominated":[80],"by":[81],"short-lived":[82],"demand":[83,105,140,175],"excursions":[84],"provides":[87,227],"nearly":[88],"linear":[89],"reductions":[90],"margin.":[95],"Large":[98],"results":[102],"from":[103,186],"sustained":[104],"fluctuations":[106],"over":[107],"longer":[108],"spans":[109],"time,":[111],"margin":[115],"exhibits":[116],"diminishing":[117],"returns":[118],"with":[119,173],"storage.":[120],"For":[121],"this":[122],"regime":[123],"we":[124,179],"introduce":[125],"effective":[126,131],"an":[128,143],"analogue":[129],"bandwidth":[132],"captures":[134,217],"temporal":[136,155],"gives":[142],"asymptotically":[144],"tight":[145],"characterization":[146],"power.":[150],"further":[152],"quantify":[153],"how":[154],"correlation":[156],"spatial":[158],"aggregation":[159],"affect":[160],"requirements":[162],"statistical":[164],"multiplexing":[165],"gains,":[166],"extend":[168],"analysis":[170],"loads":[172],"multiple":[174],"scales.":[177],"Finally,":[178],"evaluate":[180],"using":[183],"power-demand":[184],"traces":[185],"three":[187],"production":[188],"data":[189,243],"centers":[190],"spanning":[191],"HPC,":[192],"GPU-training,":[193],"cloud-service":[195],"workloads.":[196],"Despite":[197],"their":[198,221],"heterogeneous,":[199],"cyclo-stationary":[200],"multi-modal":[202],"behavior,":[203],"measured":[205],"exhibit":[207],"predicted":[209],"regimes,":[210],"simple":[213],"four-parameter":[214],"two-state":[215],"model":[216],"dynamics":[219],"governing":[220],"storage-power":[222],"tradeoffs.":[223],"resulting":[225],"both":[228],"foundation":[231],"practical":[233],"dimensioning":[234],"principles":[235],"for":[236],"next-generation":[241],"centers.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-08-15T00:00:00"}
