{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202397692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","title":"Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals With CKD: The REGARDS Study","display_name":"Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals With CKD: The REGARDS Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202397692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42898242","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13677398"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206143","display_name":"Kidney Medicine","issn_l":"2590-0595","issn":["2590-0595"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kidney Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101911724","display_name":"Xingsheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-9498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-9498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingsheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063606383","display_name":"Javier A. Jurado V\u00e9lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-3142","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-3142"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javier A. Jurado V\u00e9lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-3142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019041454","display_name":"Nita Kanney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-2356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-2356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nita Kanney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114996341","display_name":"Archie Landrum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Archie Landrum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077604995","display_name":"Lloyd J. Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-4575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-4575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lloyd J. Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041495874","display_name":"Orlando M. Guti\u00e9rrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-3571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-3571","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3737-3041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039250","display_name":"UAB Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/036554539","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orlando M. Gutierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192","https://openalex.org/I4390039250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140935378","display_name":"D. Leann Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-7190","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-7190"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269449","display_name":"Wake Forest University Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/046r1r105","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47251452","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Leann Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109737666","display_name":"Bertha Hidalgo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2556-1969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2556-1969"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bertha Hidalgo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063606383"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57105333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"11","first_page":"101498","last_page":"101498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-onset-diabetes","display_name":"new-onset diabetes","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-risk-factors","display_name":"diabetes risk factors","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prediabetes","display_name":"prediabetes","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cystatin-c","display_name":"cystatin C","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate","display_name":"estimated glomerular filtration rate","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatinine-based-gfr-estimation","display_name":"creatinine-based GFR estimation","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regards-study","display_name":"REGARDS study","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6751000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.49720001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974792","display_name":"Albuminuria","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206143","display_name":"Kidney Medicine","issn_l":"2590-0595","issn":["2590-0595"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kidney Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42898242","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42898242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kidney medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13677398","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42898242/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kidney Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ad6c5ea357748079b6d86235af93cf4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ad6c5ea357748079b6d86235af93cf4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kidney Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 11, Pp 101498- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206143","display_name":"Kidney Medicine","issn_l":"2590-0595","issn":["2590-0595"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kidney Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1671748052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01NS041588","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306085","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000911793","display_name":"CTSA Predoctoral T32 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham","funder_award_id":"T32TR004767","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306085","display_name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/033jnv181"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1802508672","https://openalex.org/W1971658255","https://openalex.org/W1989616221","https://openalex.org/W2013093785","https://openalex.org/W2040224844","https://openalex.org/W2045221270","https://openalex.org/W2087598211","https://openalex.org/W2104866056","https://openalex.org/W2107797783","https://openalex.org/W2114487638","https://openalex.org/W2122009184","https://openalex.org/W2151436699","https://openalex.org/W2151835810","https://openalex.org/W2160528152","https://openalex.org/W2165991124","https://openalex.org/W2191191124","https://openalex.org/W2514558945","https://openalex.org/W2528138343","https://openalex.org/W2765189203","https://openalex.org/W2773395370","https://openalex.org/W2790284551","https://openalex.org/W2889358278","https://openalex.org/W2896224298","https://openalex.org/W2901644057","https://openalex.org/W2907817889","https://openalex.org/W2969761727","https://openalex.org/W3014973326","https://openalex.org/W3103702296","https://openalex.org/W3109971666","https://openalex.org/W3177176652","https://openalex.org/W3201595862","https://openalex.org/W3205613558","https://openalex.org/W4200026682","https://openalex.org/W4361270609","https://openalex.org/W4381943666","https://openalex.org/W4389063815","https://openalex.org/W4392041554","https://openalex.org/W4392716879","https://openalex.org/W4406235295","https://openalex.org/W4416013920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2907817889","https://openalex.org/W3035377323","https://openalex.org/W3034999011","https://openalex.org/W2973924440","https://openalex.org/W2990195820","https://openalex.org/W2889358278","https://openalex.org/W4381157891","https://openalex.org/W7125522396","https://openalex.org/W4240534942","https://openalex.org/W4229066439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rationale":[0],"&":[1,75],"Objective":[2],"Chronic":[3],"kidney":[4],"disease":[5],"(CKD)":[6],"and":[7,29,35,50,128,155,185,206,248,257],"diabetes":[8,60,106,120,137,164,235,259],"are":[9],"comorbid":[10],"metabolic":[11],"diseases":[12],"that":[13],"share":[14],"common":[15],"factors":[16,134,193],"such":[17,194],"as":[18,195],"insulin":[19],"resistance.":[20],"Few":[21],"studies":[22,273],"have":[23],"examined":[24],"the":[25,46,88,116,212,230,269],"association":[26,254],"between":[27,255],"CKD":[28,64,94,103,122,139,159,168,256,263],"incident":[30,59,119,136,215,226,234,258],"diabetes,":[31,216],"with":[32,63,124],"limited":[33,246,249],"consensus":[34],"associated":[36],"risk":[37,192,224,232],"factors.":[38],"We":[39],"conducted":[40],"an":[41],"analysis":[42,111],"of":[43,83,90,118,148,152,158,214,225,233],"participants":[44,62,78,140,154,160,169,173],"in":[45,53,87,171],"REasons":[47],"for":[48,135,189,271],"Geographic":[49],"Racial":[51],"Differences":[52],"Stroke":[54],"(REGARDS)":[55],"study":[56,73],"to":[57,66,114,274,286],"investigate":[58],"among":[61,121,138,167],"compared":[65],"non-CKD":[67,153,172],"participants.":[68],"Study":[69],"Design":[70],"Prospective":[71],"cohort":[72],"Setting":[74],"Participants":[76],"7,511":[77],"who":[79],"completed":[80],"10":[81,146],"years":[82,147],"follow-up":[84],"were":[85,141],"included":[86],"analysis,":[89],"whom":[91],"994":[92],"had":[93,221,229],"(eGFR":[95],"<60ml/min/1.73m":[96],"2":[97],"or":[98],"ACR>30mg/g)":[99],"at":[100],"baseline.":[101],"Exposure":[102],"Outcome":[104],"Incident":[105,163],"Analytical":[107],"Approach":[108],"Logistic":[109],"regression":[110],"was":[112,165,178],"performed":[113],"estimate":[115],"odds":[117,125,213],"participants,":[123],"ratio":[126],"(OR)":[127],"95%":[129,237],"Confidence":[130],"Interval":[131],"(Cl).":[132],"Risk":[133],"also":[142],"examined.":[143],"Results":[144],"After":[145],"follow-up,":[149],"11.0%":[150],"(717)":[151],"15.8%":[156],"(157)":[157],"developed":[161],"diabetes.":[162,227],"higher":[166],"than":[170],"using":[174,182],"creatinine-based":[175],"equations,":[176],"which":[177],"not":[179],"seen":[180],"when":[181,281],"a":[183,222],"creatinine-":[184],"cystatin":[186],"C-based":[187],"equation":[188],"CKD.":[190,287],"Several":[191],"race,":[196],"prediabetes,":[197],"age,":[198],"body":[199],"mass":[200],"index":[201],"(BMI),":[202],"hypertension,":[203],"current":[204,218],"smoking,":[205],"exercise":[207],"\u2265":[208],"4":[209],"times/week":[210],"increased":[211],"while":[217],"alcohol":[219],"use":[220],"lower":[223],"Prediabetes":[228],"highest":[231],"(OR=4.94,":[236],"Cl:":[238],"4.22,":[239],"5.78;":[240],"p":[241],"<0.01).":[242],"Limitations":[243],"Attrition":[244],"bias,":[245],"generalizability,":[247],"diagnostic":[250],"classification.":[251],"Conclusions":[252],"The":[253],"depends":[260],"on":[261],"how":[262,276],"is":[264,279],"defined.":[265],"These":[266],"findings":[267],"highlight":[268],"need":[270],"future":[272],"explore":[275],"renal":[277],"function":[278],"assessed":[280],"determining":[282],"adverse":[283],"outcomes":[284],"related":[285]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-14T00:00:00"}