{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202396863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909032","title":"AI Watermarking, Digital Provenance, and FieldID: An Industry and Technical Assessment of Synthetic-Content Trust","display_name":"AI Watermarking, Digital Provenance, and FieldID: An Industry and Technical Assessment of Synthetic-Content Trust","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202396863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21909032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909032","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133893187","display_name":"Ivan Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2284-8891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2284-8891"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Silva, Ivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carlonoscopen, LLC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2284-8891","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carlonoscopen, LLC","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133893187"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5032831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.09560000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-watermarking","display_name":"AI watermarking","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-provenance","display_name":"digital provenance","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-generated-content","display_name":"AI-generated content","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-validity","display_name":"structural validity","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-verification","display_name":"identity verification","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c2pa","display_name":"C2PA","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burden-of-proof","display_name":"burden of proof","score":0.47099998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5648000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777810591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16861606","display_name":"Credential","level":2,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21909032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21909033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21909032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21909032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7212421949","https://openalex.org/W7171666746","https://openalex.org/W4417128155","https://openalex.org/W7212193750","https://openalex.org/W7171740327","https://openalex.org/W7202350461","https://openalex.org/W7169871198","https://openalex.org/W7202142650","https://openalex.org/W7213032390","https://openalex.org/W7164682048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AI":[0,14,34,179],"watermarking":[1],"is":[2,32,92,111],"moving":[3],"rapidly":[4],"from":[5],"research":[6],"into":[7],"production":[8],"infrastructure.":[9],"This":[10,161,197],"paper":[11],"assesses":[12],"current":[13],"watermarking,":[15],"digital-provenance,":[16],"actor-identity,":[17],"authentication,":[18,38],"and":[19,26,40,67,133,150,187,215],"transparency":[20],"mechanisms":[21,83],"against":[22],"the":[23,163,168,201,216,226],"frozen":[24,137,210],"FieldID":[25,91,138],"CNX":[27,121],"architecture.":[28,120],"The":[29,136],"central":[30],"argument":[31],"that":[33,53,155,171,221],"participation,":[35],"provenance,":[36],"identity,":[37],"authority,":[39],"factual":[41,86],"truth":[42,87],"belong":[43],"to":[44],"different":[45],"technical":[46],"layers.":[47],"A":[48,61,70],"watermark":[49],"may":[50,64,74],"provide":[51],"evidence":[52],"a":[54,96,117],"generative":[55],"system":[56],"participated":[57],"in":[58],"producing":[59],"content.":[60],"provenance":[62,106],"manifest":[63],"record":[65,199,219],"creation":[66],"transformation":[68],"history.":[69],"credential":[71],"or":[72,77,88,104],"signature":[73],"establish":[75],"identity":[76,102],"key":[78],"control.":[79],"None":[80],"of":[81,229],"these":[82],"independently":[84],"establishes":[85],"legitimate":[89],"authority.":[90],"not":[93,157,167],"proposed":[94,109],"as":[95],"replacement":[97],"for":[98,220],"C2PA,":[99],"SynthID,":[100],"CAWG":[101],"assertions,":[103],"other":[105],"standards.":[107],"Its":[108],"role":[110],"an":[112],"independent":[113],"structural-identity":[114],"substrate":[115],"within":[116],"governed":[118],"evidence-composition":[119],"governs":[122],"admissibility":[123],"while":[124],"downstream":[125],"reasoning":[126],"preserves":[127,200],"contradiction,":[128],"uncertainty,":[129],"recurrence,":[130],"falsification":[131],"requirements,":[132],"proof":[134],"burden.":[135],"structural-validity":[139,165],"mechanism":[140],"was":[141],"internally":[142],"reproduced":[143],"with":[144],"119":[145],"tests":[146],"passed,":[147],"0":[148],"failed,":[149],"13":[151],"disclosed":[152],"NumPy":[153],"RuntimeWarnings":[154],"did":[156],"produce":[158],"test":[159],"failures.":[160],"validates":[162],"bounded":[164],"mechanism,":[166],"application-specific":[169],"proposition":[170],"seedless":[172],"AI-generated":[173],"content":[174],"produces":[175],"structural":[176],"collapse.":[177],"Seedless":[178],"field":[180],"collapse,":[181],"seed":[182,189],"persistence":[183],"through":[184],"AI-assisted":[185],"rendering,":[186],"recognition-independent":[188],"discrimination":[190],"remain":[191],"hypotheses":[192],"requiring":[193],"controlled":[194],"comparative":[195],"testing.":[196],"Zenodo":[198],"CJCI":[202],"Volume":[203,232],"1,":[204,233],"Issue":[205,234],"23,":[206,235],"Version":[207],"1.2":[208],"final":[209],"article,":[211],"its":[212],"supporting-documentation":[213],"bundle,":[214],"SHA-256":[217],"checksum":[218],"bundle.":[222],"Originally":[223],"published":[224],"by":[225],"Carlonoscopen":[227],"Journal":[228],"Coherence":[230],"Intelligence,":[231],"on":[236],"August":[237],"12,":[238],"2026.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-08-14T00:00:00"}