{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202396847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/methane5030023","title":"Simulation-Based Assessment of Pretreatment-Assisted Anaerobic Co-Digestion Strategies for Cattle Manure and Wheat Straw in Small-Scale Biogas Systems","display_name":"Simulation-Based Assessment of Pretreatment-Assisted Anaerobic Co-Digestion Strategies for Cattle Manure and Wheat Straw in Small-Scale Biogas Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202396847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/methane5030023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/methane5030023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/methane5030023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/methane5030023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4386621814","display_name":"Methane","issn_l":"2674-0389","issn":["2674-0389"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methane","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7202396847"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/methane5030023","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115798366","display_name":"Joshua Kiplagat Ngetuny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2314-6511","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2314-6511"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140287389","display_name":"Technical University of Kenya","ror":"https://ror.org/04eehsy38","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106192","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxzcy64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}],"countries":["DE","KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Kiplagat Ngetuny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biosystems Engineering, The Technical University of Kenya, Haile-Selasie Avenue, Nairobi P.O. Box 52428-00200, Kenya","Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Institute of new Energy Systems, Research Field Industrial Energy Systems, Esplanade 10, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2314-6511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biosystems Engineering, The Technical University of Kenya, Haile-Selasie Avenue, Nairobi P.O. Box 52428-00200, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Institute of new Energy Systems, Research Field Industrial Energy Systems, Esplanade 10, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019863650","display_name":"Wilfried Z\u00f6rner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106192","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxzcy64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilfried Z\u00f6rner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Institute of new Energy Systems, Research Field Industrial Energy Systems, Esplanade 10, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Institute of new Energy Systems, Research Field Industrial Energy Systems, Esplanade 10, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115798366"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389","https://openalex.org/I4210106192"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"23","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10284","display_name":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10284","display_name":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10171","display_name":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11275","display_name":"Composting and Vermicomposting Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-digestion","display_name":"co-digestion","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-manure","display_name":"cattle manure","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-straw","display_name":"wheat straw","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignocellulosic-biomass-pretreatment","display_name":"lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adm1-model","display_name":"ADM1 model","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biogas-production","display_name":"biogas production","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane-yield","display_name":"methane yield","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-loading-rate","display_name":"organic loading rate","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-stability","display_name":"process stability","score":0.7760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75212476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171076","display_name":"Biogas","level":2,"score":0.8863000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779587293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7622360","display_name":"Straw","level":2,"score":0.7878999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C499616599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555853","display_name":"Anaerobic digestion","level":3,"score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38304854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185716","display_name":"Manure","level":2,"score":0.6517999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6498000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.6173999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5777000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156380964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556","display_name":"Bioenergy","level":3,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994333036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171076","display_name":"Biogas production","level":4,"score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183889291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5187955","display_name":"Crop residue","level":3,"score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4043999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516920438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129","display_name":"Methane","level":2,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5140985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483866","display_name":"Anaerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2965452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587926","display_name":"Energy crop","level":4,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48843007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181713","display_name":"Anaerobic respiration","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/methane5030023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/methane5030023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/methane5030023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4386621814","display_name":"Methane","issn_l":"2674-0389","issn":["2674-0389"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methane","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:49cde6f521ba4e379fcc7ab7c8001e99","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/49cde6f521ba4e379fcc7ab7c8001e99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Methane, Vol 5, Iss 3, p 23 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/methane5030023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/methane5030023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/methane5030023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4386621814","display_name":"Methane","issn_l":"2674-0389","issn":["2674-0389"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methane","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9090999960899353},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.5666999816894531}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007329662","https://openalex.org/W2029767031","https://openalex.org/W2037785165","https://openalex.org/W2038427747","https://openalex.org/W2040580108","https://openalex.org/W2061126275","https://openalex.org/W2073914024","https://openalex.org/W2089848749","https://openalex.org/W2105735019","https://openalex.org/W2139816774","https://openalex.org/W2162189815","https://openalex.org/W2308101783","https://openalex.org/W2416651393","https://openalex.org/W2548297637","https://openalex.org/W2617509452","https://openalex.org/W2747425025","https://openalex.org/W2888502019","https://openalex.org/W2946408749","https://openalex.org/W2959741523","https://openalex.org/W3007868431","https://openalex.org/W3034315748","https://openalex.org/W3045012798","https://openalex.org/W3143054533","https://openalex.org/W3147555496","https://openalex.org/W3149348811","https://openalex.org/W3162293216","https://openalex.org/W3186933776","https://openalex.org/W4220693746","https://openalex.org/W4251950796","https://openalex.org/W4281694451","https://openalex.org/W4296536267","https://openalex.org/W4380135887","https://openalex.org/W4386003303","https://openalex.org/W4390680422","https://openalex.org/W4395668671","https://openalex.org/W4398201319","https://openalex.org/W4405760476","https://openalex.org/W4416807574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7133685898","https://openalex.org/W4220698203","https://openalex.org/W3106711369","https://openalex.org/W7220955031","https://openalex.org/W2018629979","https://openalex.org/W4404927391","https://openalex.org/W4283785883","https://openalex.org/W4382560572","https://openalex.org/W4225375724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small-scale":[0],"biogas":[1,32,130,146,211],"systems":[2,9,194,212],"in":[3,36,137],"developing":[4],"regions":[5],"are":[6],"predominantly":[7],"mono-digestion":[8],"utilizing":[10],"livestock":[11],"manure":[12,71],"as":[13,21],"the":[14,42,61,78,125,155,176,184,203,220],"primary":[15],"feedstock.":[16],"However,":[17],"crop":[18],"residues":[19],"such":[20],"wheat":[22,73,93,126],"straw":[23,74,127],"offer":[24],"significant":[25],"potential":[26],"for":[27,218],"improving":[28],"feedstock":[29,87],"diversity":[30],"and":[31,55,66,72,103,112,117,152,159,224],"production":[33,147],"when":[34],"applied":[35],"anaerobic":[37,67,206],"co-digestion":[38,68,193],"systems.":[39],"Due":[40],"to":[41,51,91,109,164,209],"recalcitrant":[43],"nature":[44],"of":[45,63,69,100,149,178,186,190,205,222],"lignocellulosic":[46],"biomass,":[47],"pretreatment":[48,65,95,173,198],"is":[49],"required":[50],"enhance":[52],"substrate":[53],"degradability":[54,98,160],"methane":[56],"production.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59,187],"study,":[60],"performance":[62],"integrated":[64,216],"cattle":[70],"was":[75],"evaluated":[76],"using":[77],"modified":[79],"ADM1_R3":[80],"model.":[81],"Simulations":[82],"were":[83],"conducted":[84],"under":[85],"varying":[86],"mixing":[88,157],"ratios":[89,158],"(0":[90],"100%wt":[92],"straw),":[94],"intensities":[96,174],"(carbohydrate":[97],"levels":[99],"50%,":[101],"67%,":[102],"75%),":[104],"organic":[105],"loading":[106,168],"rates":[107,169],"(1":[108],"4":[110],"kgVSm\u22123day\u22121),":[111],"digester":[113],"volumes":[114],"(2,":[115],"4,":[116],"6":[118],"m3).":[119],"The":[120,181],"results":[121],"showed":[122],"that":[123],"increasing":[124],"fractions":[128],"improved":[129],"production,":[131],"although":[132],"with":[133,145,171],"a":[134],"slight":[135],"reduction":[136],"methane.":[138],"Pretreatment":[139],"further":[140],"enhanced":[141],"overall":[142],"process":[143,179],"performance,":[144],"enhancement":[148],"between":[150],"40%":[151],"56%":[153],"across":[154],"different":[156],"increase":[161],"from":[162],"50":[163],"75%,":[165],"while":[166],"higher":[167,172],"combined":[170],"increased":[175],"risk":[177],"instability.":[180],"findings":[182],"demonstrate":[183],"feasibility":[185],"innovative":[188],"approach":[189],"flexible":[191],"small-scale":[192,210],"supported":[195],"by":[196,213],"appropriate":[197],"strategies.":[199],"This":[200],"study":[201],"advances":[202],"application":[204],"digestion":[207],"modelling":[208],"providing":[214],"an":[215],"framework":[217],"evaluating":[219],"effects":[221],"operational":[223],"design":[225],"parameters":[226],"on":[227],"technical":[228],"performance.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2026-08-14T00:00:00"}