{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202395980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10631734/v1","title":"An open AI system for dermatology tasks","display_name":"An open AI system for dermatology tasks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202395980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10631734/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10631734/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10631734/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10631734/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10631734/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10631734/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123108523","display_name":"Hong-Yu Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Yu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Linwei Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261449","display_name":"Baichuan (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05amsz404","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linwei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University; School of Computing and Data Science, The University of Hong Kong; Baichuan Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University; School of Computing and Data Science, The University of Hong Kong; Baichuan Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449","https://openalex.org/I889458895","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147069716","display_name":"Lijun Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261449","display_name":"Baichuan (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05amsz404","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baichuan Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baichuan Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147112379","display_name":"Ying Fu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261449","display_name":"Baichuan (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05amsz404","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baichuan Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baichuan Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123123631","display_name":"Meng Tian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261449","display_name":"Baichuan (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05amsz404","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baichuan Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baichuan Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123164004","display_name":"Zhishou Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261449","display_name":"Baichuan (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05amsz404","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhishou Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baichuan Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baichuan Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123095383","display_name":"Hengfu Cui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261449","display_name":"Baichuan (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05amsz404","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengfu Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baichuan Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baichuan Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123120944","display_name":"Qiang Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0795-952X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0795-952X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261449","display_name":"Baichuan (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05amsz404","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baichuan Inc"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0795-952X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baichuan Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084927410","display_name":"Qianxi Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130930","display_name":"Peking University First Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02z1vqm45","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261449","display_name":"Baichuan (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05amsz404","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianxi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baichuan Inc.;Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital;Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baichuan Inc.;Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital;Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130930","https://openalex.org/I4405261449"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046605531","display_name":"Jungong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-956X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-956X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2828-9905"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108557359","display_name":"Yizhou Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-5548","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-5548"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhou Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-5548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.7807999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.7807999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.09139999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dermatological-diagnosis","display_name":"dermatological diagnosis","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dermatologist-shortage","display_name":"dermatologist shortage","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-reproducibility","display_name":"model reproducibility","score":0.6800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777789703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192102","display_name":"Skin cancer","level":3,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780535194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309901","display_name":"Open data","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988168687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949302","display_name":"Skin lesion","level":2,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993312423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medical practice","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776299755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432449","display_name":"Carry (investment)","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45827449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270338","display_name":"Diagnosis code","level":3,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10631734/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10631734/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10631734/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10631734/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10631734/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10631734/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10631734/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10631734/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7246000170707703},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202395980.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202395980.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7076360088","https://openalex.org/W4380480626","https://openalex.org/W4366850928","https://openalex.org/W7130327235","https://openalex.org/W7143504799","https://openalex.org/W7144008774","https://openalex.org/W4221146266","https://openalex.org/W7211963456","https://openalex.org/W4387776969","https://openalex.org/W7118705561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Skin":[1],"diseases":[2],"impose":[3],"a":[4,45,109,157,171,202],"major":[5],"global":[6],"disease":[7],"burden,":[8],"yet":[9],"dermatologists":[10],"remain":[11],"scarce,":[12],"especially":[13],"in":[14],"low-":[15],"and":[16,68,94,117,138,162,217],"middle-income":[17],"countries.":[18],"Foundation":[19],"models":[20],"could":[21],"extend":[22],"specialist-level":[23,205],"care,":[24],"but":[25],"leading":[26],"systems":[27,188],"depend":[28],"on":[29,51,185],"private":[30],"cohorts":[31],"that":[32,99,211],"most":[33,189],"institutions":[34],"cannot":[35],"access,":[36],"reproduce,":[37],"afford":[38],"or":[39,145],"audit.":[40],"Here":[41],"we":[42],"present":[43],"UniDerm,":[44],"dermatology":[46],"foundation":[47],"model":[48,114],"trained":[49],"entirely":[50],"publicly":[52],"available":[53],"image\u2013text":[54],"data":[55,119,210],"through":[56],"supervision-denoising":[57],"contrastive":[58,70],"learning.":[59],"Public":[60],"skin":[61,179],"images":[62],"each":[63,78],"carry":[64],"several":[65],"heterogeneous":[66],"texts,":[67],"standard":[69],"learning":[71],"averages":[72],"them":[73],"into":[74],"one":[75],"representation,":[76],"letting":[77],"text":[79],"add":[80],"noise":[81],"to":[82,90,122,198,204],"the":[83,96,118,139,160,182,193],"others.":[84],"UniDerm":[85,105,143],"instead":[86],"uses":[87],"natural-language":[88],"instructions":[89],"disentangle":[91],"these":[92],"targets":[93],"recover":[95],"fine-grained":[97],"supervision":[98],"averaging":[100],"discards.":[101],"Unlike":[102],"private-cohort":[103,147],"systems,":[104],"is":[106,195],"released":[107],"as":[108],"fully":[110],"open":[111],"system:":[112],"its":[113,124],"weights,":[115],"code":[116],"recipe":[120],"needed":[121],"reconstruct":[123],"training":[125],"corpus":[126],"are":[127],"all":[128],"public.":[129],"Across":[130],"11":[131],"benchmarks":[132],"spanning":[133],"five":[134],"continents,":[135],"eight":[136],"countries":[137],"full":[140],"Fitzpatrick":[141],"range,":[142],"matches":[144],"exceeds":[146],"models:":[148],"it":[149,200],"reaches":[150],"their":[151],"full-label":[152],"diagnostic":[153],"accuracy":[154,176],"using":[155],"roughly":[156],"third":[158],"of":[159,168],"labels,":[161],"detects":[163],"malignancy":[164],"at":[165],"an":[166],"AUROC":[167],"0.946,":[169],"above":[170],"302-reader":[172],"expert":[173],"consensus.":[174],"Its":[175],"holds":[177],"across":[178],"tones,":[180],"including":[181],"darker-skin":[183],"lesions":[184],"which":[186],"such":[187],"often":[190],"fail.":[191],"Because":[192],"approach":[194],"not":[196],"specific":[197],"skin,":[199],"charts":[201],"route":[203],"medical":[206],"AI":[207],"from":[208],"public":[209],"under-resourced":[212],"communities":[213],"can":[214],"build,":[215],"audit":[216],"own":[218],"rather":[219],"than":[220],"purchase.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-08-14T00:00:00"}
