{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202389239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-026-06460-8","title":"HFE-DDL: hybrid feature extraction and dual deep learning for android code vulnerability detection","display_name":"HFE-DDL: hybrid feature extraction and dual deep learning for android code vulnerability detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202389239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-026-06460-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-026-06460-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-026-06460-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-026-06460-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080504491","display_name":"Ahmed Abdu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-3869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-3869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103733","display_name":"Shandong Xiehe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01bx4e159","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103733"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Abdu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jinan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Elderly Care and Companion Robots, Jinan, China","School of Computer Science, Shandong Xiehe University, Jinan, 250109, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Elderly Care and Companion Robots, Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shandong Xiehe University, Jinan, 250109, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023279022","display_name":"Hakim A. Abdo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-0623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-0623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31605765","display_name":"Hodeidah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fkpm735","country_code":"YE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31605765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156293","display_name":"Aljanad University for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ngpb650","country_code":"YE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156293"]}],"countries":["YE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakim A. Abdo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hodeidah University, Al-Hudaydah, Yemen","The College of Engineering and Information Technology, Al Janad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hodeidah University, Al-Hudaydah, Yemen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31605765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Engineering and Information Technology, Al Janad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038399656","display_name":"Mohsen Ali Alawami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1658-9716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1658-9716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83436808","display_name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/051q2m369","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Ali Alawami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin-si, 17035, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin-si, 17035, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023828527","display_name":"Tamer Abuhmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-4843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-4843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamer Abuhmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079922914","display_name":"Nabih Pico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3516-0461","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3516-0461"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104306","display_name":"Tongmyong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01asa8g02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104306"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabih Pico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Tongmyong University, Busan, 48520, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Tongmyong University, Busan, 48520, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028495769","display_name":"Redhwan Algabri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6151-5935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6151-5935"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Redhwan Algabri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028495769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89982833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"10","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.6708999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.6708999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.26759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.021299999207258224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-feature-extraction","display_name":"hybrid feature extraction","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tf-idf","display_name":"TF-IDF","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security","display_name":"software security","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-application-security","display_name":"mobile application security","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code-analysis","display_name":"source code analysis","score":0.375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9003999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7056999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.6640999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6360999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52173422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766483","display_name":"Opcode","level":2,"score":0.5371999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4936000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58646249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127380","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","level":3,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97385483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16954980","display_name":"Deep belief network","level":3,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-026-06460-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-026-06460-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-026-06460-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2603382267","https://openalex.org/W2767371019","https://openalex.org/W2781491433","https://openalex.org/W2885030880","https://openalex.org/W2944337987","https://openalex.org/W2963548617","https://openalex.org/W2980227629","https://openalex.org/W2981744998","https://openalex.org/W3030612835","https://openalex.org/W3038094613","https://openalex.org/W3085758173","https://openalex.org/W3096660718","https://openalex.org/W3138904555","https://openalex.org/W3161799213","https://openalex.org/W3183469243","https://openalex.org/W3195401166","https://openalex.org/W3202276560","https://openalex.org/W4205733352","https://openalex.org/W4210493608","https://openalex.org/W4281388052","https://openalex.org/W4292491372","https://openalex.org/W4312334973","https://openalex.org/W4312436517","https://openalex.org/W4312690534","https://openalex.org/W4313563659","https://openalex.org/W4380763529","https://openalex.org/W4383900281","https://openalex.org/W4384030667","https://openalex.org/W4387766336","https://openalex.org/W4391395450","https://openalex.org/W4392481752","https://openalex.org/W4393029443","https://openalex.org/W4399701697","https://openalex.org/W4400207882","https://openalex.org/W4402423971","https://openalex.org/W4403318507","https://openalex.org/W4403411676","https://openalex.org/W4403587478","https://openalex.org/W4404021448","https://openalex.org/W4404132849","https://openalex.org/W4405543707","https://openalex.org/W4407574978","https://openalex.org/W4407929982","https://openalex.org/W4408047557","https://openalex.org/W4408697479","https://openalex.org/W4409744289","https://openalex.org/W4412449978","https://openalex.org/W4415885114","https://openalex.org/W4416088600","https://openalex.org/W6959659194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407669288","https://openalex.org/W4392481752","https://openalex.org/W4296167615","https://openalex.org/W4383900281","https://openalex.org/W4392639631","https://openalex.org/W4384030667","https://openalex.org/W7024420174","https://openalex.org/W4281388052","https://openalex.org/W4403511448","https://openalex.org/W4390572759"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-14T00:00:00"}