{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202374871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723403","title":"A Marginally Consistent Common-Cause-Failure Bayesian Network Method for Identifying Key Risk Factors in High-Reliability Electronic Circuits","display_name":"A Marginally Consistent Common-Cause-Failure Bayesian Network Method for Identifying Key Risk Factors in High-Reliability Electronic Circuits","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202374871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3723403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723403","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147124651","display_name":"Shuo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3749-0716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3749-0716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3749-0716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113497841","display_name":"Jingqing Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingqing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067536216","display_name":"Yanli Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-7195","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-7195"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanli Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147136678","display_name":"AnXing Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anxing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128848165","display_name":"HongYang Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147101662","display_name":"Fan Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086464846","display_name":"Xiaodong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-8904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-8904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"XiaoDong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5373126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"125597","last_page":"125610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.5874000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.5874000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.3792000114917755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-cause-failure","display_name":"common cause failure","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-networks","display_name":"Bayesian networks","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stress","display_name":"thermal stress","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prioritization","display_name":"risk prioritization","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.758899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.7317000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.6085000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3723403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b6c051e5d21a4c7cb53e8ce850dc9b3c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b6c051e5d21a4c7cb53e8ce850dc9b3c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 125597-125610 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3723403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W227739690","https://openalex.org/W1755360231","https://openalex.org/W1837982956","https://openalex.org/W1897557128","https://openalex.org/W1976102130","https://openalex.org/W1981665800","https://openalex.org/W1990873493","https://openalex.org/W2003109266","https://openalex.org/W2023285254","https://openalex.org/W2044436476","https://openalex.org/W2067627945","https://openalex.org/W2068509236","https://openalex.org/W2086668606","https://openalex.org/W2104880015","https://openalex.org/W2121337044","https://openalex.org/W2124000105","https://openalex.org/W2134732423","https://openalex.org/W2139203596","https://openalex.org/W2150705456","https://openalex.org/W2164351502","https://openalex.org/W2205836349","https://openalex.org/W2905198358","https://openalex.org/W2911890521","https://openalex.org/W2944417109","https://openalex.org/W2997530817","https://openalex.org/W3201213419","https://openalex.org/W4309567169","https://openalex.org/W4386852177","https://openalex.org/W4392975980","https://openalex.org/W4400615051","https://openalex.org/W7135238370","https://openalex.org/W7161238537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253294503","https://openalex.org/W1768428904","https://openalex.org/W4236844219","https://openalex.org/W2485280880","https://openalex.org/W2511164534","https://openalex.org/W4360591956","https://openalex.org/W4400615051","https://openalex.org/W3094246409","https://openalex.org/W4298144785","https://openalex.org/W25287164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-reliability":[0],"electronic":[1,67,149],"circuits":[2],"in":[3],"safety-constrained":[4],"equipment":[5],"often":[6],"lack":[7],"sufficient":[8],"system-level":[9],"failure":[10,36],"data":[11],"at":[12],"the":[13,76,79,89,110,117,121],"early":[14],"design":[15],"stage,":[16],"making":[17],"risk":[18,130,140],"identification":[19],"dependent":[20],"on":[21],"reliability":[22],"handbooks,":[23],"functional":[24],"structure,":[25],"and":[26,49,56,84,97,144],"stress":[27],"conditions.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"proposes":[31],"a":[32],"marginally":[33],"consistent":[34],"common-cause":[35,139],"Bayesian":[37],"network":[38],"method":[39,136],"that":[40],"converts":[41],"handbook-based":[42],"FIT":[43],"values":[44],"into":[45,54],"conditional":[46,123],"basic-event":[47,133],"probabilities":[48],"decomposes":[50],"each":[51],"basic":[52],"event":[53],"reference":[55,77],"common-cause-induced":[57],"contributions":[58],"while":[59,100],"preserving":[60],"its":[61],"handbook-derived":[62],"marginal":[63],"probability.":[64],"A":[65],"public":[66],"safe-and-arm":[68],"circuit":[69],"is":[70],"used":[71],"for":[72,147],"demonstration.":[73],"Relative":[74],"to":[75],"condition,":[78],"mobile":[80],"mechanical,":[81],"common":[82],"thermal,":[83],"reduced":[85],"electrical-derating":[86],"conditions":[87],"increase":[88],"target-event":[90],"probability":[91],"by":[92,131],"factors":[93],"of":[94],"3.05,":[95],"5.77,":[96],"1.02,":[98],"respectively,":[99],"their":[101],"combined":[102],"effect":[103],"reaches":[104],"14.54.":[105],"The":[106,135],"thermal":[107],"condition":[108],"gives":[109],"largest":[111],"single-condition":[112],"amplification.":[113],"Under":[114],"fixed":[115],"evidence,":[116],"proposed":[118],"model":[119],"matches":[120],"direct":[122],"BN,":[124],"whereas":[125],"an":[126],"extra-superposition":[127],"BN":[128],"overestimates":[129],"inflating":[132],"marginals.":[134],"supports":[137],"reproducible":[138],"inference,":[141],"key-node":[142],"ranking,":[143],"design-response":[145],"evaluation":[146],"high-reliability":[148],"circuits.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-23T07:36:19.812096","created_date":"2026-08-14T00:00:00"}
