{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202369745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6c01089","title":"Regulating Crystallization to Enhance Interfacial Bonding in Material-Extrusion 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Parts","display_name":"Regulating Crystallization to Enhance Interfacial Bonding in Material-Extrusion 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Parts","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202369745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6c01089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.6c01089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6c01089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6c01089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177196338","display_name":"Macromolecules","issn_l":"0024-9297","issn":["0024-9297","1520-5835"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Macromolecules","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7202369745"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048242451","display_name":"Chengxiang Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengxiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420099","display_name":"He Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-0305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-0305","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2177-8789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146603961","display_name":"Ye Yao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155088","display_name":"Institute of Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/048y1rc66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400868","display_name":"Yuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5238-4825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5238-4825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102627986","display_name":"Yingyang Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingyang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147088053","display_name":"Dexiang Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dexiang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050100936","display_name":"Kaijuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-5619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-5619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaijuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085465751","display_name":"Xia Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7593-0191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7593-0191"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xia Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7593-0191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056657362","display_name":"Yunlan Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-0053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-0053"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155088","display_name":"Institute of Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/048y1rc66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunlan Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-0053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056657362","https://openalex.org/A5085465751"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088","https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80802257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"17","first_page":"9308","last_page":"9320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.5961999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.5961999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.34380000829696655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10661","display_name":"biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties","score":0.04529999941587448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polylactic-acid","display_name":"polylactic acid","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fused-deposition-modeling","display_name":"fused deposition modeling","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlayer-bonding","display_name":"interlayer bonding","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallization-kinetics","display_name":"crystallization kinetics","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyethylene-glycol-additive","display_name":"polyethylene glycol additive","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bed-temperature","display_name":"bed temperature","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annealing","display_name":"annealing","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-diffusion","display_name":"chain diffusion","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmental-relaxation","display_name":"segmental relaxation","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melt-viscosity","display_name":"melt viscosity","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallinity","display_name":"crystallinity","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacial-bond-strength","display_name":"interfacial strength","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.6629999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203036418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284256","display_name":"Crystallization","level":2,"score":0.9442999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413769","display_name":"Polylactic acid","level":3,"score":0.8449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46275449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458815","display_name":"Crystallinity","level":2,"score":0.8356999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.727400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5457000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110530677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1789148","display_name":"Crystallization of polymers","level":3,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776964284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410083","display_name":"Polyethylene glycol","level":2,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159096172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914535","display_name":"Bond strength","level":4,"score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.41690000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777510241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18349149","display_name":"Fused filament fabrication","level":3,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25516864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnectivity","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777922577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146243","display_name":"Polystyrene","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75841233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1863987","display_name":"Linear low-density polyethylene","level":3,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143429","display_name":"Polyethylene","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.6c01089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6c01089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6c01089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177196338","display_name":"Macromolecules","issn_l":"0024-9297","issn":["0024-9297","1520-5835"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Macromolecules","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2479523986","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"027GJHZ2025060MI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4499195414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2682025CX126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6534082635","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"027GJHZ2025060MI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323031","funder_display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323031","display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/028jc0449"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W761289466","https://openalex.org/W2002301069","https://openalex.org/W2036160310","https://openalex.org/W2040296902","https://openalex.org/W2615725513","https://openalex.org/W2626115287","https://openalex.org/W2768186570","https://openalex.org/W2897054621","https://openalex.org/W2919785319","https://openalex.org/W2946083185","https://openalex.org/W2963831790","https://openalex.org/W2981352604","https://openalex.org/W3033428346","https://openalex.org/W3037890173","https://openalex.org/W3110914351","https://openalex.org/W3127534277","https://openalex.org/W3156761410","https://openalex.org/W3191167256","https://openalex.org/W4206774860","https://openalex.org/W4213074816","https://openalex.org/W4221109136","https://openalex.org/W4224992222","https://openalex.org/W4229664739","https://openalex.org/W4292830594","https://openalex.org/W4293173683","https://openalex.org/W4297110346","https://openalex.org/W4309080550","https://openalex.org/W4321782219","https://openalex.org/W4367051593","https://openalex.org/W4389312244","https://openalex.org/W4391023691","https://openalex.org/W4392286341","https://openalex.org/W4392817138","https://openalex.org/W4393055778","https://openalex.org/W4396617951","https://openalex.org/W4397007343","https://openalex.org/W4400839948","https://openalex.org/W4400942498","https://openalex.org/W4401945829","https://openalex.org/W4405492973","https://openalex.org/W4411438432","https://openalex.org/W4413270357","https://openalex.org/W4413433029","https://openalex.org/W4413914235","https://openalex.org/W7118127018","https://openalex.org/W7142241065","https://openalex.org/W7143286767"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3037890173","https://openalex.org/W3119272595","https://openalex.org/W3177738648","https://openalex.org/W4310804935","https://openalex.org/W3189218300","https://openalex.org/W2961639272","https://openalex.org/W2801145316","https://openalex.org/W3090588194","https://openalex.org/W4297142619","https://openalex.org/W3115341174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Polylactic":[1],"acid":[2],"(PLA)":[3],"components":[4],"fabricated":[5],"by":[6,56,151],"fused":[7],"filament":[8],"fabrication":[9],"(FFF)":[10],"typically":[11],"suffer":[12],"from":[13],"poor":[14],"interlayer":[15,30,180],"bond":[16,114,141,161,193],"strength.":[17,142],"Owing":[18],"to":[19,127,163],"PLA's":[20],"intrinsically":[21],"weak":[22],"crystallization":[23,28,54,66,94,104,174],"ability,":[24],"the":[25,37,65,132,147,155,160,170,179,200],"role":[26],"of":[27,39,203],"in":[29,68,112],"bonding":[31],"has":[32],"rarely":[33],"been":[34],"investigated,":[35],"limiting":[36],"development":[38],"interfacial":[40,113,192],"enhancement":[41],"strategies.":[42],"To":[43],"address":[44],"this,":[45],"we":[46],"designed":[47],"a":[48,186,196],"PLA":[49,89,205],"printing":[50],"material":[51],"with":[52,95,135],"enhanced":[53],"ability":[55],"incorporating":[57,144],"polyethylene":[58],"glycol":[59],"(PEG-4K),":[60],"and":[61,76,90,138,153,175,191],"then":[62],"systematically":[63],"regulated":[64],"behavior":[67],"FFF-printed":[69,204],"part":[70],"via":[71],"varying":[72],"bed":[73],"temperatures":[74],"(Tb)":[75],"applying":[77],"thermal":[78],"annealing.":[79],"When":[80],"printed":[81,133],"or":[82],"annealed":[83],"at":[84],"90":[85,129],"\u00b0C,":[86],"both":[87],"neat":[88],"PLA/PEG-4K":[91],"exhibited":[92],"rapid":[93],"half-crystallization":[96],"times":[97],"(t1/2)":[98],"below":[99,116,122],"9.8":[100],"min.":[101],"Such":[102],"extensive":[103],"restricted":[105],"chain":[106,176],"diffusion":[107],"across":[108],"adjacent":[109],"layers,":[110],"resulting":[111],"strengths":[115],"15":[117],"MPa.":[118,165],"Conversely,":[119],"decreasing":[120],"Tb":[121],"60":[123],"\u00b0C":[124],"extended":[125],"t1/2":[126],"over":[128],"min,":[130],"yielding":[131],"samples":[134],"low":[136],"crystallinity":[137,190],"markedly":[139],"increased":[140],"Notably,":[143],"PEG-4K":[145],"shortened":[146],"segmental":[148],"relaxation":[149],"time":[150],"30%":[152],"decreased":[154],"melt":[156],"viscosity,":[157],"synergistically":[158],"improving":[159],"strength":[162],"24.7":[164],"These":[166],"results":[167],"confirmed":[168],"that":[169],"kinetic":[171],"competition":[172],"between":[173,189],"interdiffusion":[177],"determined":[178],"bonding.":[181],"This":[182],"work":[183],"also":[184],"established":[185],"quantitative":[187],"correlation":[188],"strength,":[194],"offering":[195],"theoretical":[197],"basis":[198],"for":[199],"mechanical":[201],"optimization":[202],"parts.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-14T00:00:00"}
