{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202350484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578","title":"A systematic review on AI-driven noninvasive fetal ECG processing and analysis methods","display_name":"A systematic review on AI-driven noninvasive fetal ECG processing and analysis methods","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202350484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661722","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13518364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087539524","display_name":"Drago\u015f Daniel \u0162ar\u0103lung\u0103","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8729-9292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8729-9292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dragos Daniel \u021aar\u0103lung\u0103","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054838804","display_name":"Bogdan Cristian Florea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1113-6400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1113-6400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Cristian Florea","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020504806","display_name":"Anusuyah Subbarao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0384-5821","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0384-5821"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anusuyah Subbarao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia University Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia University Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140416198","display_name":"Georgeta Mihaela Neagu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgeta Mihaela Neagu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051234459","display_name":"Bogdan Emanuel Ionescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4112-5769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4112-5769","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0535-1306"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Emanuel Ionescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020504806"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3077},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3077},"fwci":1.0279,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66588266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1926578","last_page":"1926578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-heart-rate-estimation","display_name":"fetal heart rate estimation","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-arrhythmia-detection","display_name":"fetal arrhythmia detection","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congenital-heart-disease-classification","display_name":"congenital heart disease classification","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-ecg-interference","display_name":"maternal ECG interference","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-denoising","display_name":"signal denoising","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-models","display_name":"generative models","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-model","display_name":"hybrid model","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-monitoring","display_name":"fetal monitoring","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020626262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886292","display_name":"Fetal heart rate","level":4,"score":0.5898000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.49129998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4593000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019522753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2657962","display_name":"Fetal heart","level":4,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780074459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Heart disease","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227287","display_name":"Data extraction","level":3,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105967","display_name":"Blind signal separation","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42661722","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42661722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in digital health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13518364","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13518364/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Digit Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:16761","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://shdl.mmu.edu.my/16761/1/fdgth-8-1926578.pdf","pdf_url":"https://shdl.mmu.edu.my/16761/1/fdgth-8-1926578.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c001aceb566d48e7afe712b87fc0629a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c001aceb566d48e7afe712b87fc0629a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health, Vol 8 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1926578/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202350484.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202350484.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1771638446","https://openalex.org/W1928783768","https://openalex.org/W1974011200","https://openalex.org/W1977845932","https://openalex.org/W1985417651","https://openalex.org/W1989995521","https://openalex.org/W1992397369","https://openalex.org/W2000876613","https://openalex.org/W2018330480","https://openalex.org/W2019256324","https://openalex.org/W2028643935","https://openalex.org/W2071159382","https://openalex.org/W2117437149","https://openalex.org/W2145106358","https://openalex.org/W2151172597","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2184782452","https://openalex.org/W2294591945","https://openalex.org/W2337770506","https://openalex.org/W2425553532","https://openalex.org/W2507957250","https://openalex.org/W2615076654","https://openalex.org/W2617430739","https://openalex.org/W2765462521","https://openalex.org/W2771585046","https://openalex.org/W2778857812","https://openalex.org/W2802945731","https://openalex.org/W2811364119","https://openalex.org/W2908363538","https://openalex.org/W2947659587","https://openalex.org/W2953223733","https://openalex.org/W2980434102","https://openalex.org/W2980700241","https://openalex.org/W2987239673","https://openalex.org/W2989689222","https://openalex.org/W2995628690","https://openalex.org/W2998995220","https://openalex.org/W3000439249","https://openalex.org/W3000590460","https://openalex.org/W3008559445","https://openalex.org/W3012205022","https://openalex.org/W3017354987","https://openalex.org/W3030567191","https://openalex.org/W3036313177","https://openalex.org/W3040054640","https://openalex.org/W3080855556","https://openalex.org/W3085902048","https://openalex.org/W3119668117","https://openalex.org/W3122657649","https://openalex.org/W3123893780","https://openalex.org/W3135299966","https://openalex.org/W3156400982","https://openalex.org/W3192358943","https://openalex.org/W3202660122","https://openalex.org/W3207478683","https://openalex.org/W3209289313","https://openalex.org/W4225972076","https://openalex.org/W4283761813","https://openalex.org/W4284964752","https://openalex.org/W4289517908","https://openalex.org/W4294982807","https://openalex.org/W4296437521","https://openalex.org/W4310664801","https://openalex.org/W4313362551","https://openalex.org/W4313443700","https://openalex.org/W4322496371","https://openalex.org/W4362705033","https://openalex.org/W4365135151","https://openalex.org/W4367856180","https://openalex.org/W4372328981","https://openalex.org/W4377981772","https://openalex.org/W4379535071","https://openalex.org/W4385751503","https://openalex.org/W4385880522","https://openalex.org/W4386124571","https://openalex.org/W4387052533","https://openalex.org/W4388346673","https://openalex.org/W4388487564","https://openalex.org/W4388639208","https://openalex.org/W4390617606","https://openalex.org/W4390671812","https://openalex.org/W4390953997","https://openalex.org/W4391753527","https://openalex.org/W4392902267","https://openalex.org/W4394994132","https://openalex.org/W4396666917","https://openalex.org/W4398145218","https://openalex.org/W4399042419","https://openalex.org/W4400824185","https://openalex.org/W4401560102","https://openalex.org/W4402126430","https://openalex.org/W4403041243","https://openalex.org/W4403134377","https://openalex.org/W4407988501","https://openalex.org/W4412380733","https://openalex.org/W7140281061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415799547","https://openalex.org/W7140281061","https://openalex.org/W4284964752","https://openalex.org/W7163687280","https://openalex.org/W4309928001","https://openalex.org/W4383618020","https://openalex.org/W7112175702","https://openalex.org/W4285109550","https://openalex.org/W3207478683","https://openalex.org/W2337433114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Fetal":[1],"electrocardiogram":[2,31],"is":[3,13,25,268,279],"a":[4,39,108,144,165,258],"critical":[5],"tool":[6],"for":[7,98,282,289],"fetal":[8,30,64,241],"health":[9],"monitoring,":[10],"and":[11,70,95,120,131,134,154,159,171,180,187,198,217,220,247,257,295],"it":[12],"obtained":[14,36],"nowadays":[15],"in":[16,151,214],"clinical":[17],"practice":[18],"through":[19],"an":[20],"invasive":[21],"procedure.":[22],"An":[23],"alternative":[24],"the":[26,44,48,60,96,136,205,224,280],"use":[27],"of":[28,41,50,63,72,138,148,173,260],"noninvasive":[29],"(NI-fECG)":[32],"that":[33,285],"can":[34],"be":[35],"by":[37,90],"placing":[38],"matrix":[40],"electrodes":[42],"on":[43,112],"maternal":[45,68],"abdomen.":[46],"However,":[47],"extraction":[49,119,216],"NI-fECG":[51,118,152,215,287],"from":[52,74],"abdominal":[53],"signals":[54],"(ADSs)":[55],"remains":[56],"challenging":[57],"due":[58],"to":[59,116,128,237],"low":[61],"amplitude":[62],"signals,":[65],"overlapping":[66],"with":[67],"ECG,":[69],"because":[71],"contamination":[73],"other":[75],"noise":[76,121],"sources.":[77],"Traditional":[78],"signal":[79,93,129,212],"processing":[80,153,213],"methods":[81,150],"have":[82],"been":[83],"widely":[84],"used":[85],"but":[86],"are":[87],"often":[88],"limited":[89],"incomplete":[91],"separation,":[92],"distortion,":[94],"need":[97,281],"manual":[99],"parameter":[100],"tuning.":[101],"Artificial":[102],"intelligence":[103],"(AI)":[104],"has":[105],"emerged":[106],"as":[107],"powerful":[109],"solution,":[110],"focusing":[111],"deep":[113],"learning":[114],"techniques":[115],"improve":[117],"suppression,":[122],"offering":[123],"automated":[124],"feature":[125],"extraction,":[126],"adaptability":[127],"variability,":[130],"real-time":[132],"processing,":[133],"addressing":[135],"limitations":[137],"classical":[139],"methods.":[140],"This":[141],"study":[142,169],"presents":[143],"comprehensive":[145],"systematic":[146],"review":[147,163],"AI":[149,174,191,236,283],"analysis,":[155],"evaluating":[156],"their":[157],"effectiveness":[158],"limitations.":[160],"Methods:":[161],"The":[162],"follows":[164],"structured":[166],"methodology,":[167],"including":[168,240],"selection":[170],"analysis":[172],"techniques,":[175],"following":[176],"PRISMA":[177],"2020":[178],"guidelines,":[179],"covering":[181],"peer-reviewed":[182],"studies":[183,203,234],"published":[184],"between":[185],"2014":[186],"2025.":[188],"It":[189],"categorizes":[190],"models":[192,230,284],"into":[193],"neural":[194],"network-based,":[195],"generative,":[196],"hybrid,":[197],"specialized":[199,221],"architectures.":[200],"Results:":[201],"Twenty-two":[202],"met":[204],"inclusion":[206],"criteria.":[207],"AI-based":[208],"approaches":[209],"outperformed":[210],"traditional":[211],"denoising.":[218],"Generative":[219],"architectures":[222],"showed":[223],"strongest":[225],"morphology":[226,288],"preservation,":[227],"while":[228],"hybrid":[229],"added":[231],"robustness.":[232],"Six":[233],"applied":[235],"diagnostic":[238],"tasks,":[239],"heart":[242,249],"rate":[243],"estimation,":[244],"arrhythmia":[245],"detection,":[246],"congenital":[248],"disease":[250],"classification.":[251],"Limitations":[252],"include":[253],"scarce":[254],"ground-truth":[255],"datasets":[256],"lack":[259],"standardized":[261,293],"evaluation":[262],"protocols.":[263],"Discussion:":[264],"No":[265],"single":[266],"architecture":[267],"universally":[269],"superior":[270],"across":[271],"all":[272],"pipeline":[273],"stages.":[274],"A":[275],"key":[276],"research":[277],"gap":[278],"conserve":[286],"medical":[290],"decision-making,":[291],"alongside":[292],"benchmarking":[294],"explainable":[296],"models.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-08-14T00:00:00"}