{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202299249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392","title":"Teachers' Readiness for Innovation as Perceived by School Leaders: a Descriptive-Correlational Study Using the Technology-Organization-Environment Framework","display_name":"Teachers' Readiness for Innovation as Perceived by School Leaders: a Descriptive-Correlational Study Using the Technology-Organization-Environment Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202299249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419369","display_name":"International Conference on e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 17th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business, E-Management and E-Learning (IC4e)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147045096","display_name":"John Glenn B. Paradero","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I210563421","display_name":"Caraga State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00erb5q72","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I210563421"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Glenn B. Paradero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Caraga State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Caraga State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I210563421"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073081417","display_name":"Ariel U. Cubillas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-7058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-7058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I210563421","display_name":"Caraga State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00erb5q72","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I210563421"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariel U. Cubillas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Caraga State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Caraga State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I210563421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I210563421"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"48","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14060","display_name":"Education and Communication Studies","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14060","display_name":"Education and Communication Studies","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10008","display_name":"Teacher Education and Leadership Studies","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-readiness-for-innovation","display_name":"teacher readiness for innovation","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ict-based-innovation","display_name":"ICT-based innovation","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-leaders","display_name":"school leaders","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-organization-environment-framework","display_name":"technology-organization-environment framework","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-ict-competencies","display_name":"teacher ICT competencies","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-leadership","display_name":"school leadership","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-development","display_name":"professional development","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ict-training","display_name":"ICT training","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-disparities","display_name":"urban-rural disparities","score":0.7570000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419369","display_name":"International Conference on e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 17th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business, E-Management and E-Learning (IC4e)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic4e69618.2026.11631392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419369","display_name":"International Conference on e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 17th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business, E-Management and E-Learning (IC4e)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9901999831199646},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226369042","https://openalex.org/W4281710349","https://openalex.org/W4312892700","https://openalex.org/W4321434840","https://openalex.org/W4385428942","https://openalex.org/W4393990523","https://openalex.org/W4400260070","https://openalex.org/W4404854624","https://openalex.org/W4409107317","https://openalex.org/W4411530074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W627103886","https://openalex.org/W7056606073","https://openalex.org/W2603842413","https://openalex.org/W2260456487","https://openalex.org/W4237860833","https://openalex.org/W3168872124","https://openalex.org/W4410843399","https://openalex.org/W308003796","https://openalex.org/W2299045635","https://openalex.org/W2918917803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examined":[2],"teachers'":[3,47,106,145,201],"readiness":[4,48,119,146,165,172],"for":[5,130],"ICT-based":[6],"innovation":[7,51,131],"as":[8],"perceived":[9],"by":[10,31],"school":[11,122],"leaders":[12],"in":[13,19,118,152,159,166,185],"public":[14],"elementary":[15],"and":[16,42,55,58,65,69,74,79,82,92,105,112,138,155,181,187,207],"secondary":[17],"schools":[18,154],"the":[20,32,66,192],"Schools":[21],"Division":[22],"of":[23,85,94,194],"Bayugan":[24],"City,":[25],"Agusan":[26],"del":[27],"Sur,":[28],"Philippines.":[29],"Guided":[30],"Technology-Organization-Environment":[33],"(TOE)":[34],"framework,":[35],"a":[36,195],"structured":[37,160],"questionnaire":[38],"assessed":[39],"technological,":[40],"organizational,":[41],"environmental":[43,139],"support,":[44,95,180],"along":[45],"with":[46,136,144],"across":[49,132],"six":[50],"standards:":[52],"Technology":[53],"Operations":[54],"Concepts,":[56],"Planning":[57],"Designing":[59],"Technology-Enriched":[60],"Learning":[61],"Experiences,":[62],"Teaching,":[63],"Learning,":[64],"Curriculum,":[67],"Assessment":[68],"Evaluation":[70],"Using":[71],"Technology,":[72],"Productivity":[73],"Professional":[75],"Practice":[76],"through":[77],"Innovation,":[78],"Social,":[80],"Ethical,":[81],"Legal":[83],"Use":[84],"Technology.":[86],"Descriptive":[87],"statistics":[88],"summarized":[89],"demographic":[90],"profiles":[91],"levels":[93],"while":[96],"Spearman's":[97],"rho":[98],"correlations":[99],"evaluated":[100],"relationships":[101],"between":[102],"TOE":[103,134],"dimensions":[104],"readiness.":[107],"Nonparametric":[108],"tests":[109],"(Kruskal-Wallis":[110],"H":[111],"Mann-Whitney":[113],"U,$\\boldsymbol{\\alpha}=\\mathbf{.":[114],"0":[115],"5})$examined":[116],"differences":[117],"based":[120],"on":[121],"leaders'":[123],"characteristics.":[124],"Results":[125],"indicated":[126],"moderately":[127],"high":[128],"support":[129],"all":[133],"dimensions,":[135],"organizational":[137],"factors":[140],"showing":[141],"stronger":[142],"associations":[143],"than":[147],"technological":[148],"factors$(\\rho=.343-.630,":[149],"\\mathrm{p}<.05)$.":[150],"Teachers":[151],"urban":[153],"those":[156],"who":[157],"participated":[158],"ICT":[161,202],"training":[162],"demonstrated":[163],"higher":[164],"higher-order":[167],"competencies.":[168],"Strategies":[169],"to":[170,199],"enhance":[171],"included":[173],"professional":[174],"development,":[175],"mentoring,":[176],"collaborative":[177],"planning,":[178],"leadership":[179],"external":[182],"partnerships,":[183],"particularly":[184],"rural":[186],"resource-limited":[188],"contexts.":[189],"Findings":[190],"highlight":[191],"importance":[193],"holistic,":[196],"multi-strategy":[197],"approach":[198],"developing":[200],"competencies,":[203],"bridging":[204],"contextual":[205],"disparities,":[206],"fostering":[208],"sustainable":[209],"school-based":[210],"innovation.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}
