{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202298134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723268","title":"WARDEN: Wiener-Adaptive Residual Dynamic ENcoder for Channel Charting in Future Cellular Networks","display_name":"WARDEN: Wiener-Adaptive Residual Dynamic ENcoder for Channel Charting in Future Cellular Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202298134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3723268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723268","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017976596","display_name":"Andrea Piroddi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4133-1220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4133-1220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Piroddi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4133-1220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072332319","display_name":"Triantafyllos Kanakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-037X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-037X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35870678","display_name":"University of Northampton","ror":"https://ror.org/04jp2hx10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35870678"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Triantafyllos Kanakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Northampton"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-037X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Northampton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35870678"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035218478","display_name":"Michael Opoku Agyeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-4451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-4451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35870678","display_name":"University of Northampton","ror":"https://ror.org/04jp2hx10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35870678"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Opoku Agyeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Northampton"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-4451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Northampton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35870678"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5033648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"123992","last_page":"124003"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.4771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.4771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.3156999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.014000000432133675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-charting","display_name":"channel charting","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"channel state information","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-dynamics","display_name":"latent dynamics","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition-matrix-estimation","display_name":"transition matrix estimation","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resnet","display_name":"ResNet","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-supervised-learning","display_name":"self-supervised learning","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massive-mimo","display_name":"massive MIMO","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment-localization","display_name":"user equipment localization","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing-simulation","display_name":"ray tracing simulation","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.6071000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5144000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.49059998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665681","display_name":"Intelligent Network","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C812465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058375","display_name":"Cellular neural network","level":3,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072483","display_name":"Channel allocation schemes","level":3,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3723268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nectar.northampton.ac.uk:21179","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/id/eprint/21179/1/WARDEN_Wiener-Adaptive_Residual_Dynamic_ENcoder_for_Channel_Charting_in_Future_Cellular_Networks.pdf","pdf_url":"https://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/id/eprint/21179/1/WARDEN_Wiener-Adaptive_Residual_Dynamic_ENcoder_for_Channel_Charting_in_Future_Cellular_Networks.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196393","display_name":"NECTAR - Northampton Electronic Collection of Thesis and Research (University of Northampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35870678","host_organization_name":"University of Northampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35870678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/1079351","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1079351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9adf61e55a054b39876896dbb5a7daba","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9adf61e55a054b39876896dbb5a7daba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 123992-124003 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3723268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3723268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311064","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311695","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311700","display_name":"University of Northampton","ror":"https://ror.org/04jp2hx10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311712","display_name":"University of Greenwich","ror":"https://ror.org/00bmj0a71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320285","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322942","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510355813","https://openalex.org/W2622795578","https://openalex.org/W2777417212","https://openalex.org/W2884034421","https://openalex.org/W3002159761","https://openalex.org/W3112170415","https://openalex.org/W3183282730","https://openalex.org/W3198505181","https://openalex.org/W4324291694","https://openalex.org/W4381194780","https://openalex.org/W4386076428","https://openalex.org/W4392158870","https://openalex.org/W4393380091","https://openalex.org/W4394627297","https://openalex.org/W4405022415","https://openalex.org/W4416953160","https://openalex.org/W7125931324","https://openalex.org/W7168288202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416867569","https://openalex.org/W6969576369","https://openalex.org/W4312206258","https://openalex.org/W2884034421","https://openalex.org/W3159651890","https://openalex.org/W3206119732","https://openalex.org/W4416964839","https://openalex.org/W2970599193","https://openalex.org/W7223018401","https://openalex.org/W4381194780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Channel":[0,10,37,76],"Charting":[1,38,77],"is":[2,148,176,233,258],"a":[3,14,74,109,127,136,166,179,305],"self-supervised":[4],"learning":[5],"technique":[6],"that":[7,79,114,130,265,283,299],"maps":[8],"high-dimensional":[9],"State":[11],"Information":[12],"into":[13,83],"low-dimensional":[15],"latent":[16,46,106,267],"space":[17],"preserving":[18],"the":[19,52,94,98,105,119,132,207,216,226,230,253,259,284,287,300],"spatial":[20],"topology":[21],"of":[22,286,294,308],"user":[23,295],"equipment":[24,296],"trajectories,":[25],"without":[26,269],"relying":[27],"on":[28,104,150,188,229],"ground-truth":[29],"position":[30],"labels.":[31],"While":[32],"recent":[33],"work":[34],"has":[35],"extended":[36],"with":[39,144,160,206,239,247],"neural":[40,111],"temporal":[41,185,249],"predictors,":[42,250],"these":[43],"approaches":[44],"learn":[45],"dynamics":[47,82,268],"entirely":[48],"from":[49,56,135],"data,":[50],"ignoring":[51],"analytical":[53],"structure":[54],"available":[55],"classical":[57],"estimation":[58],"theory":[59],"and":[60,108,162,165,175,190,197,225,257,298],"offering":[61],"limited":[62],"interpretability.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"Wiener-Adaptive":[69],"Residual":[70],"Dynamic":[71],"ENcoder":[72],"(WARDEN),":[73],"novel":[75],"architecture":[78],"decomposes":[80],"latent-space":[81],"two":[84,125],"components:":[85],"an":[86],"analytically":[87],"optimal":[88],"linear":[89,120,217],"transition":[90,133,288],"matrix,":[91],"derived":[92],"via":[93],"Wiener-Hopf":[95],"solution":[96],"to":[97,214,223,237],"minimum":[99],"mean-square":[100],"error":[101,219,228],"prediction":[102,218],"problem":[103],"sequence,":[107],"lightweight":[110],"residual":[112,301],"network":[113],"captures":[115],"non-linear":[116],"corrections":[117],"beyond":[118],"model.":[121],"Training":[122],"proceeds":[123],"in":[124],"stages:":[126],"bootstrap":[128],"phase":[129],"estimates":[131],"matrix":[134,289],"pre-trained":[137],"encoder,":[138],"followed":[139],"by":[140,221,235,243],"joint":[141],"end-to-end":[142],"optimisation":[143],"periodic":[145],"re-estimation.":[146],"WARDEN":[147,251],"validated":[149],"four":[151],"environments,":[152],"comprising":[153],"three":[154],"real-world":[155],"massive":[156],"MIMO":[157],"measurement":[158],"datasets":[159,232],"distributed":[161],"co-located":[163],"arrays":[164],"synthetic":[167],"outdoor":[168],"ray-tracing":[169],"scenario,":[170],"using":[171],"identical":[172],"hyperparameters":[173],"throughout,":[174],"compared":[177,264],"under":[178],"unified":[180],"protocol":[181],"against":[182],"representative":[183],"learned":[184,248],"mechanisms":[186],"based":[187],"recurrent":[189],"joint-embedding":[191],"predictive":[192],"architectures.":[193],"Across":[194],"all":[195,211],"environments":[196,212],"over":[198],"multiple":[199],"training":[200],"seeds,":[201],"chart":[202],"Trustworthiness":[203],"improves":[204,266],"consistently":[205],"regularisation":[208],"strength":[209],"across":[210],"(up":[213],"+12.7%),":[215],"decreases":[220],"35%":[222],"61%,":[224],"localisation":[227],"real":[231],"reduced":[234],"up":[236],"11.4%,":[238],"statistical":[240],"significance":[241],"confirmed":[242],"paired":[244],"tests.":[245],"Compared":[246],"exhibits":[252],"lowest":[254],"seed":[255],"variance":[256],"only":[260],"method":[261],"among":[262],"those":[263],"degrading":[270],"any":[271],"geometric":[272],"quality":[273],"metric,":[274],"while":[275],"adding":[276],"no":[277],"inference":[278],"overhead.":[279],"We":[280],"further":[281],"demonstrate":[282],"eigenstructure":[285],"provides":[290],"interpretable":[291],"spectral":[292],"diagnostics":[293],"kinematics,":[297],"norm":[302],"serves":[303],"as":[304],"supervision-free":[306],"measure":[307],"trajectory":[309],"non-linearity.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-02T18:50:13.731487","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}
