{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202294783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114433","title":"Enriched Versus Standard NICU Environments and Preterm Brain Development: A Systematic Review of Structural, Diffusion, and Functional Neuroimaging Studies","display_name":"Enriched Versus Standard NICU Environments and Preterm Brain Development: A Systematic Review of Structural, Diffusion, and Functional Neuroimaging Studies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202294783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114433","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42730367","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13568053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.114433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114433","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/519162-enriched-versus-standard-nicu-environments-and-preterm-brain-development-a-systematic-review-of-structural-diffusion-and-functional-neuroimaging-studies.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/519162-enriched-versus-standard-nicu-environments-and-preterm-brain-development-a-systematic-review-of-structural-diffusion-and-functional-neuroimaging-studies.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092112559","display_name":"Saritha Tammali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4741-3056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4741-3056"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801125169","display_name":"Niloufer Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0077bn238","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801125169"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saritha Tammali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatrics, Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrics, Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801125169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093535517","display_name":"Saritha Kamsetti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saritha Kamsetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatrics, Government Medical College Vikarabad, Vikarabad, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrics, Government Medical College Vikarabad, Vikarabad, IND","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093291689","display_name":"Ashok Kumar Urakurva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Kumar Urakura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatrics, Government Medical College Vikarabad, Vikarabad, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrics, Government Medical College Vikarabad, Vikarabad, IND","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010025366","display_name":"Rakesh Kotha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3319-5217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3319-5217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99557698","display_name":"Osmania Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00hr54p22","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99557698"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Kotha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neonatology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neonatology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99557698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093291689"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"8","first_page":"e114433","last_page":"e114433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11060","display_name":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11060","display_name":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-infants","display_name":"preterm infants","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-matter-maturation","display_name":"white matter maturation","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nidcap","display_name":"NIDCAP","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-care","display_name":"developmental care","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-reduction","display_name":"stress reduction","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-pain","display_name":"procedural pain","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging-findings","display_name":"neuroimaging findings","score":0.7649999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9556000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.6891999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52338299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004354","display_name":"Functional neuroimaging","level":3,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777091541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9008292","display_name":"Neonatal intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625506","display_name":"Premature birth","level":4,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182752723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474590","display_name":"Functional imaging","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018011982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316120","display_name":"Functional connectivity","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.114433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114433","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/519162-enriched-versus-standard-nicu-environments-and-preterm-brain-development-a-systematic-review-of-structural-diffusion-and-functional-neuroimaging-studies.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13568053","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13568053/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13568053/pdf/cureus-0018-00000114433.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42730367","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42730367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.114433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.114433","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/519162-enriched-versus-standard-nicu-environments-and-preterm-brain-development-a-systematic-review-of-structural-diffusion-and-functional-neuroimaging-studies.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202294783.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202294783.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963517338","https://openalex.org/W1992293873","https://openalex.org/W2010100154","https://openalex.org/W2016765559","https://openalex.org/W2047435391","https://openalex.org/W2070204876","https://openalex.org/W2074732691","https://openalex.org/W2087958031","https://openalex.org/W2116051586","https://openalex.org/W2130105938","https://openalex.org/W2141245108","https://openalex.org/W2149960564","https://openalex.org/W2150096802","https://openalex.org/W2158698668","https://openalex.org/W2170478268","https://openalex.org/W2402627536","https://openalex.org/W2614148033","https://openalex.org/W2772218458","https://openalex.org/W2946947992","https://openalex.org/W2967898720","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W2990185120","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3144543375","https://openalex.org/W4220851570","https://openalex.org/W4376126929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232905430","https://openalex.org/W2766525926","https://openalex.org/W6920503485","https://openalex.org/W2782830587","https://openalex.org/W3197759673","https://openalex.org/W3012534069","https://openalex.org/W6902357454","https://openalex.org/W2087958031","https://openalex.org/W3009480301","https://openalex.org/W4313536922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Preterm":[0],"infants":[1],"are":[2],"at":[3],"increased":[4],"risk":[5,98],"of":[6,18,26,79,99,107,129,139],"developing":[7],"abnormal":[8],"brain":[9,35],"structure.":[10],"Research":[11],"has":[12],"also":[13],"indicated":[14],"that":[15,186,213],"the":[16,19,23,27,97,104,116],"environment":[17],"NICU":[20,70,159,218],"could":[21],"affect":[22],"early":[24],"development":[25,36],"infant's":[28],"nervous":[29],"system.":[30],"Methods":[31],"used":[32],"to":[33],"evaluate":[34],"and":[37,50,81,89,110,143,166,179,190,217,239,245],"white":[38],"matter":[39],"maturation":[40],"include":[41],"structural":[42],"magnetic":[43],"resonance":[44],"imaging":[45,134],"(MRI),":[46],"diffusion":[47],"tensor":[48],"imaging,":[49],"selected":[51],"functional":[52],"MRI":[53],"techniques.":[54],"This":[55],"qualitative":[56],"systematic":[57,76],"review":[58],"without":[59],"meta-analysis":[60,121],"synthesized":[61,149],"evidence":[62,203],"from":[63,235],"neuroimaging":[64,93,200,226],"studies":[65,91,112,184,211],"evaluating":[66],"enriched":[67,158],"versus":[68],"standard":[69],"environments":[71],"in":[72,132],"preterm":[73],"infants.":[74],"A":[75,119],"literature":[77],"search":[78],"PubMed":[80],"Scopus":[82],"databases":[83],"identified":[84],"randomized":[85],"controlled":[86],"trials":[87],"(RCTs)":[88],"prospective":[90],"reporting":[92,144],"outcomes.":[94,227],"For":[95],"RCTs,":[96],"bias":[100],"was":[101,122,125,207],"assessed":[102],"using":[103,115],"Cochrane":[105],"Risk":[106],"Bias":[108],"tool,":[109],"cohort":[111],"were":[113,148,194,221],"evaluated":[114,154],"Newcastle-Ottawa":[117],"scale.":[118],"quantitative":[120],"considered":[123],"but":[124],"not":[126],"feasible":[127],"because":[128],"substantial":[130],"heterogeneity":[131],"interventions,":[133,160,176,178],"modalities,":[135],"outcome":[136],"measures,":[137],"regions":[138],"interest,":[140],"follow-up":[141,233],"duration,":[142],"standards.":[145],"Therefore,":[146],"findings":[147],"qualitatively.":[150],"Each":[151],"included":[152,183],"study":[153],"one":[155],"or":[156,199],"more":[157],"including":[161],"Newborn":[162],"Individualized":[163],"Developmental":[164],"Care":[165],"Assessment":[167],"Program":[168],"(NIDCAP)-based":[169],"developmental":[170,188],"care,":[171,173],"single-family-room":[172,205],"structured":[174,191],"music":[175,192],"parent-sensitivity":[177],"stress-reduction":[180],"strategies.":[181],"Several":[182],"reported":[185],"NIDCAP-based":[187],"care":[189,206],"interventions":[193],"associated":[195,222],"with":[196,223],"favorable":[197,225],"neurodevelopmental":[198],"findings,":[201],"whereas":[202],"for":[204],"mixed.":[208],"Separate":[209],"observational":[210],"found":[212],"greater":[214],"procedural":[215],"pain":[216],"stress":[219],"exposure":[220],"less":[224],"However,":[228],"heterogeneity,":[229],"small":[230],"sample":[231],"sizes,":[232],"publications":[234],"some":[236],"parent":[237],"cohorts,":[238],"residual":[240],"confounding":[241],"limit":[242],"causal":[243],"inference":[244],"preclude":[246],"firm":[247],"clinical":[248],"recommendations.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}
