{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202294715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","title":"The hydrogen puzzle in rock-enhanced biochar: Pyrogenic coating, mineral redox and pore accessibility","display_name":"The hydrogen puzzle in rock-enhanced biochar: Pyrogenic coating, mineral redox and pore accessibility","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202294715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585201","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13465817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0355781&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0355781&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089195581","display_name":"Johannes Meyer zu Drewer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2619-8417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2619-8417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131062","display_name":"Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies","ror":"https://ror.org/03k2dvp65","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131062"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139035","display_name":"Agroscope","ror":"https://ror.org/04d8ztx87","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139035"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Meyer zu Drewer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","Institute of Sustainable Energy Systems, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany","Ithaka Institute, Goldbach, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2619-8417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139035"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sustainable Energy Systems, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ithaka Institute, Goldbach, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000925986","display_name":"Tobias Bromm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5914-2917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5914-2917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68956291","display_name":"Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqaka33","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Bromm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5914-2917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078159444","display_name":"Thomas Daniel Bucheli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-3104","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-3104"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139035","display_name":"Agroscope","ror":"https://ror.org/04d8ztx87","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139035"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas D. Bucheli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-3104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000170500","display_name":"Pellegrino Conte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2211-1225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2211-1225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pellegrino Conte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2211-1225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032318695","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. de la Rosa Arranz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-2345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-2345"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138175","display_name":"Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03s0hv140","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210138175"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda de la Rosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Seville, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-2345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015255465","display_name":"Harald Fitzek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1842-3672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1842-3672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166388","display_name":"Austrian Centre for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis","ror":"https://ror.org/05bywcp64","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166388"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Fitzek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Graz, Austria","Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166388"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022699477","display_name":"Amin Ghafarpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-9386","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-9386"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Ghafarpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Terrestrial Paleoclimatology and Paleontology, Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-9386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Terrestrial Paleoclimatology and Paleontology, Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027366737","display_name":"Bruno Glaser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-3868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-3868"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68956291","display_name":"Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqaka33","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Glaser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066752579","display_name":"Andreas A. Kappler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-9500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-9500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Kappler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124, Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany","Cluster of Excellence: EXC 3121: TERRA - Terrestrial Geo-Biosphere Interactions in a Changing World, University of T\u00fcbingen, Germany","Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124, Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cluster of Excellence: EXC 3121: TERRA - Terrestrial Geo-Biosphere Interactions in a Changing World, University of T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007368786","display_name":"Calogero Librici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-2984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-2984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calogero Librici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057166684","display_name":"Jens M\u00f6llmer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118144","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Nichtklassische Chemie","ror":"https://ror.org/02hcvme33","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118144"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens M\u00f6llmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Non-Classical Chemistry e.V. (INC), Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Non-Classical Chemistry e.V. (INC), Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005309008","display_name":"Michael Oberaigner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3391-8745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3391-8745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166388","display_name":"Austrian Centre for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis","ror":"https://ror.org/05bywcp64","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166388"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Oberaigner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Graz, Austria","Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166388"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087389655","display_name":"Sara Maria P\u00e9rez-Dal\u00ed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2790-979X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2790-979X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138175","display_name":"Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03s0hv140","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210138175"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Maria P\u00e9rez-Dal\u00ed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Seville, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2790-979X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091328285","display_name":"Arka Rudra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9970-2544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9970-2544"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arka Rudra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lithospheric Organic Carbon Group, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lithospheric Organic Carbon Group, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060729753","display_name":"\u00c1gueda M. S\u00e1nchez-Mart\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-7259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-7259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138175","display_name":"Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03s0hv140","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210138175"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1gueda S\u00e1nchez-Mart\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Seville, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054476592","display_name":"Hamed Sanei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-9654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-9654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Sanei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lithospheric Organic Carbon Group, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lithospheric Organic Carbon Group, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065464946","display_name":"Hans\u2010Peter Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-7506","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-7506"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131062","display_name":"Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies","ror":"https://ror.org/03k2dvp65","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131062"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Peter Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ithaka Institute, Arbaz, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ithaka Institute, Arbaz, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131062"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062868787","display_name":"Nikolas Hagemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8005-9392","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8005-9392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131062","display_name":"Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies","ror":"https://ror.org/03k2dvp65","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131062"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139035","display_name":"Agroscope","ror":"https://ror.org/04d8ztx87","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139035"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikolas Hagemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","Ithaka Institute, Arbaz, Switzerland","Ithaka Institute, Goldbach, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8005-9392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139035"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ithaka Institute, Arbaz, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131062"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ithaka Institute, Goldbach, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131062"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062868787","https://openalex.org/A5089195581"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131062","https://openalex.org/I4210139035"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48765511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"8","first_page":"e0355781","last_page":"e0355781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.86080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.86080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11302","display_name":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","score":0.056699998676776886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10967","display_name":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","score":0.025499999523162842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-pyrolysis","display_name":"co-pyrolysis","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-rock-weathering","display_name":"enhanced rock weathering","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basanite","display_name":"basanite","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-accumulation","display_name":"potassium accumulation","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-speciation","display_name":"carbon speciation","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aromaticity","display_name":"aromaticity","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"reflectivity","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pore-accessibility","display_name":"pore accessibility","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-pyrolysis","display_name":"biomass pyrolysis","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.5785999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5534999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40724407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179177","display_name":"Weathering","level":2,"score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.459199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776277684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178977","display_name":"Silicate minerals","level":3,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779131772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103223","display_name":"Hematite","level":2,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776432453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7946","display_name":"Mineral","level":2,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192386470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210390","display_name":"Aromaticity","level":3,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777335606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7130787","display_name":"Silicate","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156328458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275423","display_name":"Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40212044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1799034","display_name":"Clay minerals","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777229588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105794","display_name":"Biotite","level":3,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779970684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11567121","display_name":"Char","level":3,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517785266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q703","display_name":"Potassium","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077319","descriptor_name":"Pyrolysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002606","descriptor_name":"Charcoal","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006859","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008903","descriptor_name":"Minerals","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016062","descriptor_name":"Porosity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0355781&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42585201","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13465817","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13465817/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/716890","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10447/716890","pdf_url":"https://iris.unipa.it/bitstream/10447/716890/2/2026-Conte_et_al_journal.pone.0355781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401065","display_name":"Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/443176","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/443176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/e575547f-4c8c-43a1-bad8-410319841386","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/e575547f-4c8c-43a1-bad8-410319841386","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Meyer Zu Drewer, J, Bromm, T, Bucheli, T D, Conte, P, de la Rosa, J M, Fitzek, H, Ghafarpour, A, Glaser, B, Kappler, A, Librici, C, M\u00f6llmer, J, Oberaigner, M, P\u00e9rez-Dal\u00ed, S M, Rudra, A, S\u00e1nchez-Mart\u00edn, \u00c1, Sanei, H, Schmidt, H P & Hagemann, N 2026, 'The hydrogen puzzle in rock-enhanced biochar : Pyrogenic coating, mineral redox and pore accessibility', PLoS One, vol. 21, no. 8, e0355781. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.25673/124751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25673/124751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25673/124751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401651","display_name":"Digitalen Hochschulbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt (Universit\u00e4ts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210122374","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e4ts Frauenklinik","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122374"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355781","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0355781&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.878000020980835,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1175115578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI//10.13039/501100011033/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G121809054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1855990336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":".13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2036822895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 2124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2309174360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2660406951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/ AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G279363373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033,","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G300979063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G34346518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501 100 011 033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3518538256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3689537460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-126349OB-C22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G425668148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":".13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G430777504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5421974903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7434936867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7668793529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 3121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7733260257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-126349OB-C22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8607375908","display_name":"Grundlagen der kombinierten pyrogenen und mineralischen Kohlenstoffabscheidung und speicherung","funder_award_id":"467391808","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G99296377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/003x0zc53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202294715.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202294715.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487069997","https://openalex.org/W1922139594","https://openalex.org/W1952403139","https://openalex.org/W1975303963","https://openalex.org/W1978598526","https://openalex.org/W1984335327","https://openalex.org/W1985202629","https://openalex.org/W1986271369","https://openalex.org/W2002383057","https://openalex.org/W2025376830","https://openalex.org/W2038261209","https://openalex.org/W2046614111","https://openalex.org/W2047800773","https://openalex.org/W2048572169","https://openalex.org/W2049137056","https://openalex.org/W2054449962","https://openalex.org/W2058772564","https://openalex.org/W2062951964","https://openalex.org/W2078238238","https://openalex.org/W2084876827","https://openalex.org/W2138655925","https://openalex.org/W2145498585","https://openalex.org/W2146034720","https://openalex.org/W2149668014","https://openalex.org/W2235679284","https://openalex.org/W2333129071","https://openalex.org/W2416691125","https://openalex.org/W2475486119","https://openalex.org/W2518497418","https://openalex.org/W2607113243","https://openalex.org/W2766130505","https://openalex.org/W2886222268","https://openalex.org/W2892060029","https://openalex.org/W2895933502","https://openalex.org/W2902732521","https://openalex.org/W2910059086","https://openalex.org/W2912338055","https://openalex.org/W2935589810","https://openalex.org/W2965820903","https://openalex.org/W3002246571","https://openalex.org/W3008409903","https://openalex.org/W3019195019","https://openalex.org/W3041773269","https://openalex.org/W3044981446","https://openalex.org/W3091306688","https://openalex.org/W3126769701","https://openalex.org/W3131661580","https://openalex.org/W3137950272","https://openalex.org/W3199730134","https://openalex.org/W3202449632","https://openalex.org/W3206281379","https://openalex.org/W3206540274","https://openalex.org/W3216474213","https://openalex.org/W4210927466","https://openalex.org/W4220754308","https://openalex.org/W4220918777","https://openalex.org/W4281808590","https://openalex.org/W4285808986","https://openalex.org/W4292810496","https://openalex.org/W4304889312","https://openalex.org/W4310908948","https://openalex.org/W4315434289","https://openalex.org/W4361017212","https://openalex.org/W4364362675","https://openalex.org/W4367187635","https://openalex.org/W4383809950","https://openalex.org/W4387794730","https://openalex.org/W4389506637","https://openalex.org/W4392028265","https://openalex.org/W4392200981","https://openalex.org/W4400690677","https://openalex.org/W4403504294","https://openalex.org/W4408187657","https://openalex.org/W4409457383","https://openalex.org/W4410252671","https://openalex.org/W4412583830","https://openalex.org/W4413926281","https://openalex.org/W7084495951","https://openalex.org/W7131081362","https://openalex.org/W7167264472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412583830","https://openalex.org/W7163563160","https://openalex.org/W2906495153","https://openalex.org/W7167264472","https://openalex.org/W7135415278","https://openalex.org/W7223087136","https://openalex.org/W7165399561","https://openalex.org/W2989988772","https://openalex.org/W4407560673","https://openalex.org/W7215117956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rock-enhanced":[0],"(RE-)biochars,":[1],"produced":[2,46,125],"by":[3,52,146,207],"co-pyrolysis":[4,53,260],"of":[5,34,54,65,77,120,149,155,163,212,222,261,280,292],"silicate":[6],"rock":[7,23,50,56,132,164,200,252,281],"powder":[8,57],"with":[9,21,58,166,185,198],"biomass,":[10],"were":[11,42,104],"proposed":[12],"to":[13,137,157,235],"combine":[14],"pyrogenic":[15,122,161],"carbon":[16,28,40,115,138],"capture":[17],"and":[18,39,68,99,118,129,159,171,192,242,263,274,295],"storage":[19],"(PyCCS)":[20],"enhanced":[22],"weathering":[24],"(ERW)":[25],"as":[26,205,232],"complementary":[27],"dioxide":[29],"removal":[30],"approaches.":[31],"Catalytic":[32],"effects":[33],"rock-derived":[35],"AAEM":[36],"on":[37,81,112],"pyrolysis":[38],"speciation":[41,273],"anticipated.":[43],"Here":[44],"we":[45,143,175],"six":[47],"RE-biochars":[48,197,294],"(10-90%":[49],"content)":[51],"basanite":[55,264],"wood":[59],"at":[60,126,248,251,277],"contrasting":[61],"highest":[62],"treatment":[63],"temperatures":[64],"450":[66],"\u00b0C":[67,128],"750":[69,127],"\u00b0C.":[70],"To":[71],"provide":[72],"an":[73,134],"in-depth":[74],"physico-chemical":[75],"characterization":[76],"the":[78,82,113,121,179,210,220,271,278,290],"RE-biochars,":[79],"focusing":[80],"biochar-mineral":[83],"interface":[84],"region,":[85],"analytical":[86,213],"methods":[87,214],"including":[88],"random":[89],"reflectance,":[90],"fast":[91],"field":[92],"cycling":[93],"proton":[94],"nuclear":[95],"magnetic":[96],"resonance":[97],"relaxometry":[98],"electron":[100],"energy":[101],"loss":[102],"spectroscopy":[103],"employed.":[105],"While":[106],"most":[107],"treatments":[108],"had":[109],"limited":[110],"effect":[111],"biochar":[114],"yield":[116],"(yc)":[117],"aromaticity":[119,204],"carbon,":[123],"RE-biochar":[124],"containing":[130,169],"90%":[131,199],"showed":[133],"increased":[135,182],"hydrogen":[136,156,183],"molar":[139],"ratio":[140],"(H:Corg),":[141],"which":[142],"partly":[144],"explained":[145],"i)":[147],"contribution":[148],"geogenic":[150,245],"hydrogen,":[151],"ii)":[152],"physical":[153],"adsorption":[154],"minerals":[158],"iii)":[160],"coating":[162],"particles":[165],"secondary":[167],"char":[168],"aliphatic-":[170],"carboxylic":[172],"moieties.":[173],"Still,":[174],"cannot":[176],"fully":[177],"identify":[178],"reasons":[180],"for":[181,196,216],"content":[184],"constant":[186],"aromaticity.":[187],"A":[188],"decreased":[189],"reflectance":[190],"(Ro)":[191],"thermal":[193],"stability":[194],"(BC1000C)":[195],"content,":[201],"despite":[202],"similar":[203],"quantified":[206],"hydropyrolysis,":[208],"highlight":[209],"limitations":[211],"developed":[215],"carbonaceous":[217],"materials":[218],"in":[219,289,296],"assessment":[221],"high":[223],"ash":[224],"biochars.":[225],"Co-pyrolysis":[226],"can":[227,243],"reduce":[228],"metal":[229],"oxides,":[230],"such":[231],"hematite":[233],"(Fe-III)":[234],"magnetite,":[236],"producing":[237],"(potentially)":[238],"reactive":[239],"metals":[240],"species":[241],"accumulate":[244],"potassium":[246],"(K)":[247],"micron":[249],"scale":[250],"particle":[253],"surfaces.":[254],"This":[255],"study":[256],"provides":[257],"evidence":[258],"that":[259],"biomass":[262],"does":[265],"not":[266],"increase":[267],"yc":[268],"but":[269],"alters":[270],"mineral":[272],"elemental":[275],"distribution":[276],"surface":[279],"particles.":[282],"These":[283],"findings":[284],"may":[285],"be":[286],"further":[287],"exploited":[288],"design":[291],"functionalized":[293],"ERW":[297],"research.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}