{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202289014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498","title":"From Deep Learning to Real-World Surveillance: A Case Study of Flock Safety's Automated License Plate Recognition Network","display_name":"From Deep Learning to Real-World Surveillance: A Case Study of Flock Safety's Automated License Plate Recognition Network","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202289014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7240498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073479333","display_name":"Kashav Piya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5477-840X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5477-840X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kashav Piya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5477-840X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073479333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-license-plate-recognition","display_name":"automated license plate recognition","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surveillance","display_name":"surveillance","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration-enforcement","display_name":"immigration enforcement","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-violations","display_name":"privacy violations","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"accountability","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-governance","display_name":"algorithmic governance","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"transparency","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purpose-limitation","display_name":"purpose limitation","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-auditing","display_name":"algorithmic auditing","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-backlash","display_name":"public backlash","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-termination","display_name":"contract termination","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/litigation","display_name":"litigation","score":0.6740000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6151999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.5788999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5148000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5135999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.4887000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4074999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206962327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164918","display_name":"Drawing board","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776652708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584028","display_name":"Backlash","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135432","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160151201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207946","display_name":"Arbitration","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7240498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7240498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7240498","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202289014.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202289014.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2115470731","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W3116741301","https://openalex.org/W4283168787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4294833332","https://openalex.org/W7204729672","https://openalex.org/W4413468966","https://openalex.org/W7162656642","https://openalex.org/W7204631274","https://openalex.org/W4293238664","https://openalex.org/W7211868724","https://openalex.org/W2218586519","https://openalex.org/W7162451530","https://openalex.org/W2903374916"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}