{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202281910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19204876","title":"Scenario-Based Modeling and Assessment of the Future European Hydrogen Backbone","display_name":"Scenario-Based Modeling and Assessment of the Future European Hydrogen Backbone","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202281910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19204876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19204876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19204876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19204876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19204876","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132788941","display_name":"M\u00e1rton Kopasz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00e1rton Kopasz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027683086","display_name":"Maximilian Heneka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6681-4469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6681-4469"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Heneka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6681-4469","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092940765","display_name":"Louis Wayas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis Wayas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132828932","display_name":"Odey Al-Wedyan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Odey Mohammad Ali Al-Wedyan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075148450","display_name":"Wolfgang K\u00f6ppel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang K\u00f6ppel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147056705","display_name":"Frank Graf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4396-3731","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4396-3731"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Graf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4396-3731","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076939779","display_name":"Frederik Scheiff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederik Scheiff","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5147056705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45926856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"20","first_page":"4876","last_page":"4876"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.61080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.61080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.2687999904155731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13190","display_name":"Engineering and Environmental Studies","score":0.039500001817941666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scenario-analysis","display_name":"scenario analysis","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-modeling","display_name":"hydraulic modeling","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-border-interconnections","display_name":"cross-border interconnections","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-imports","display_name":"hydrogen imports","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-dimensioning","display_name":"network dimensioning","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-transition","display_name":"energy transition","score":0.7329999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020782553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8880","display_name":"European commission","level":3,"score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123588078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34763","display_name":"Peninsula","level":2,"score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39380314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478859","display_name":"Hydrogen economy","level":4,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020596781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375271","display_name":"European region","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341477","display_name":"Energy supply","level":3,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9682599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11549077","display_name":"Hydrogen fuel","level":3,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19204876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19204876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19204876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202608.0807.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.0807.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.0807.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:15d4442f78ac449ca3da68fbfa0e314e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/15d4442f78ac449ca3da68fbfa0e314e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 19, Iss 20, p 4876 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000197981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000197981","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000197981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052948","display_name":"KITopen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","host_organization_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en19204876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19204876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en19204876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.878000020980835},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6756943733","display_name":"Verbundvorhaben TransHyDE_FP1: Systemanalyse zu Transportl\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr gr\u00fcnen Wasserstoff - Teilvorhaben des DVGW: Analyse von PtX-Bereit\u00acstellungs\u00acoptionen und Gasinfrastrukturbedarf f\u00fcr den Transport von gr\u00fcnem Wasserstoff, EE-Methan und CO2","funder_award_id":"03HY201C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027851979","https://openalex.org/W2521656710","https://openalex.org/W2620802678","https://openalex.org/W3047055071","https://openalex.org/W3109303470","https://openalex.org/W3196798869","https://openalex.org/W4281568579","https://openalex.org/W4307296862","https://openalex.org/W4366207556","https://openalex.org/W4387657868","https://openalex.org/W4388829476","https://openalex.org/W4390431363","https://openalex.org/W4394955352","https://openalex.org/W4398254201","https://openalex.org/W4399875025","https://openalex.org/W4400199053","https://openalex.org/W4402767043","https://openalex.org/W4410193394","https://openalex.org/W4413105550","https://openalex.org/W7138894855","https://openalex.org/W7155510264","https://openalex.org/W7170200296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6987683897","https://openalex.org/W6983528162","https://openalex.org/W4410193394","https://openalex.org/W6999465482","https://openalex.org/W3204034991","https://openalex.org/W7143483187","https://openalex.org/W7066046229","https://openalex.org/W7117530881","https://openalex.org/W4402767043","https://openalex.org/W4390431363"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,53,67,112,147],"evolving":[1],"hydrogen":[2,20,64,107,142,170],"transmission":[3,21],"network":[4,47,75],"is":[5],"a":[6,87],"key":[7],"component":[8],"of":[9,101,166],"Europe\u2019s":[10],"energy":[11],"transition.":[12],"This":[13],"study":[14],"assesses":[15],"whether":[16],"the":[17,38,57,62,73,83,117,120,131,163,167],"planned":[18],"European":[19,58,114,169],"grid":[22,84],"can":[23,76],"accommodate":[24],"projected":[25],"regional":[26,79,102],"supply":[27],"and":[28,33,49,61,98,105,116,123,144,154],"demand":[29,143],"in":[30,71,96,139],"2030,":[31,72],"2040,":[32,82],"2050.":[34],"Scenario":[35],"data":[36],"from":[37,109],"TransHyDE":[39],"System":[40],"Analysis":[41],"project":[42],"are":[43],"combined":[44],"with":[45],"GIS-based":[46],"models":[48],"European-scale":[50],"hydraulic":[51],"simulations.":[52],"modeled":[54],"topology":[55],"integrates":[56],"Hydrogen":[59],"Backbone":[60],"German":[63],"core":[65],"network.":[66,171],"results":[68],"indicate":[69,149],"that,":[70],"still-fragmented":[74],"satisfy":[77],"peak":[78],"demand.":[80],"By":[81],"develops":[85],"into":[86],"largely":[88],"meshed":[89],"system,":[90],"although":[91],"elevated":[92],"pressure":[93],"levels":[94],"occur":[95],"Spain":[97],"Italy":[99],"because":[100],"supply\u2013demand":[103],"imbalances":[104],"high":[106],"imports":[108,145],"North":[110],"Africa.":[111],"southern":[113],"pipelines":[115],"interconnections":[118,157],"between":[119],"Iberian":[121],"Peninsula":[122],"Central":[124],"Europe":[125],"therefore":[126],"appear":[127],"insufficiently":[128],"dimensioned":[129],"under":[130],"investigated":[132],"scenario.":[133],"These":[134],"effects":[135],"become":[136],"more":[137],"pronounced":[138],"2050":[140],"as":[141],"increase.":[146],"findings":[148],"that":[150],"additional":[151],"transport":[152],"capacity":[153],"strengthened":[155],"cross-border":[156],"may":[158],"be":[159],"required":[160],"to":[161],"ensure":[162],"reliable":[164],"operation":[165],"future":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}
