{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202276259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840038243-6","title":"Armand Hammer and the Development of American-Soviet Trade and Economic Relations in the 1970s and 1980s","display_name":"Armand Hammer and the Development of American-Soviet Trade and Economic Relations in the 1970s and 1980s","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202276259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840038243-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18254/s207987840038243-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840038243-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840038243-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231120","display_name":"Istoriya","issn_l":"2079-8784","issn":["2079-8784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969354","host_organization_name":"Integration: Education and Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969354"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Integration: Education and Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISTORIYA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024567569","display_name":"Dmitriy Ilyin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-2072","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-2072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103655","display_name":"Vyatka State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01anxqg21","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103655"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dmitriy Ilyin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vyatka State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vyatka State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103655"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024567569"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103655"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3 (161)","first_page":"0","last_page":"0"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13186","display_name":"Russia and Soviet political economy","score":0.5439000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13186","display_name":"Russia and Soviet political economy","score":0.5439000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11070","display_name":"Soviet and Russian History","score":0.22499999403953552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14008","display_name":"Balkan and Eastern European Studies","score":0.16030000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armand-hammer","display_name":"Armand Hammer","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-war-detente","display_name":"Cold War d\u00e9tente","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-fertilizer-production","display_name":"mineral fertilizer production","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-economic-policy","display_name":"New Economic Policy","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perestroika","display_name":"perestroika","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-and-technology-cooperation","display_name":"science and technology cooperation","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.6861000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13655849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25294","display_name":"Hammer","level":2,"score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017612487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15180","display_name":"Soviet union","level":3,"score":0.5432000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196179229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3539169","display_name":"Economic problem","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777381055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308922","display_name":"Damages","level":2,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019398675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11708","display_name":"Southeast asia","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548895740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Petroleum","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986359222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8683","display_name":"Cold war","level":3,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520712124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36279","display_name":"Biography","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985697011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economic analysis","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37968372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544886","display_name":"Rationalisation","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18254/s207987840038243-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840038243-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840038243-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231120","display_name":"Istoriya","issn_l":"2079-8784","issn":["2079-8784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969354","host_organization_name":"Integration: Education and Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969354"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Integration: Education and Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISTORIYA","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2335491622","https://openalex.org/W4405832052","https://openalex.org/W4398208139","https://openalex.org/W584683782","https://openalex.org/W4327651652","https://openalex.org/W7135073510","https://openalex.org/W7034813441","https://openalex.org/W2591786463","https://openalex.org/W1993361265","https://openalex.org/W3011139771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Armand":[0],"Hammer":[1,97],"was":[2,78],"a":[3,13,28,132,153,236,244,259],"unique":[4,227],"figure":[5],"in":[6,49,102,238,293],"the":[7,20,32,50,54,58,62,67,71,79,89,94,103,112,120,129,137,159,172,177,189,195,200,206,220,226,233,239,255,261,264,266,269,277,280,286,294,300,309],"history":[8],"of":[9,34,66,76,81,111,117,131,134,142,149,161,174,184,193,202,222,229,235,246,249,254,263,268,271,279,282,289,296,302],"Soviet-American":[10,250],"relations.":[11],"As":[12],"witness":[14],"to":[15,24,31,98],"various":[16],"historical":[17],"eras,":[18],"from":[19,176,188],"New":[21],"Economic":[22],"Policy":[23],"Perestroika,":[25],"he":[26],"made":[27],"significant":[29],"contribution":[30],"development":[33,80,160,201,270],"bilateral":[35],"economic":[36,51,251,272,284],"and":[37,57,85,123,140,152,163,168,197,205,225,305],"later":[38],"cultural":[39],"ties":[40,87],"over":[41,299],"several":[42,100],"decades.":[43],"This":[44],"article":[45,113],"explores":[46],"Hammer's":[47,223],"role":[48],"cooperation":[52,252,307],"between":[53,88,308],"United":[55],"States":[56],"Soviet":[59,104,198],"Union":[60,105],"during":[61],"last":[63],"two":[64,90,116],"decades":[65],"Cold":[68],"War.":[69],"In":[70],"1970s,":[72],"an":[73],"important":[74],"component":[75],"d\u00e9tente":[77],"trade,":[82],"economic,":[83],"scientific":[84,304],"technical":[86,306],"countries,":[91],"which":[92],"provided":[93],"conditions":[95],"for":[96,128,136,158,208],"launch":[99],"projects":[101,204],"at":[106],"once.":[107],"The":[108,215],"main":[109],"focus":[110],"is":[114],"on":[115,171,274],"them":[118],"\u2014":[119],"most":[121],"successful":[122],"large-scale":[124,154],"(a":[125],"compensation":[126],"deal":[127],"construction":[130],"complex":[133],"facilities":[135],"production,":[138],"storage":[139],"transportation":[141],"mineral":[143],"fertilizers":[144],"with":[145],"subsequent":[146],"mutual":[147],"supplies":[148],"chemical":[150],"products)":[151],"but":[155],"unsuccessful":[156],"(plans":[157],"oil":[162],"gas":[164],"fields":[165],"offshore":[166],"Sakhalin":[167],"Yakutia).":[169],"Based":[170],"analysis":[173],"documents":[175,187],"Russian":[178],"archives":[179],"(RGAE,":[180],"RGANI,":[181],"GARF),":[182],"sources":[183],"personal":[185],"origin,":[186],"U.":[190],"S.":[191],"Department":[192],"State,":[194],"American":[196,297],"press,":[199],"these":[203],"reasons":[207],"their":[209],"success":[210],"or":[211],"failure":[212],"are":[213],"shown.":[214],"author":[216],"concludes":[217],"that":[218],"despite":[219],"uniqueness":[221],"biography":[224],"style":[228],"his":[230],"work,":[231],"using":[232],"example":[234],"businessman":[237],"USSR,":[240],"one":[241],"can":[242],"identify":[243],"number":[245],"stable":[247],"characteristics":[248],"characteristic":[253],"entire":[256],"period":[257],"as":[258],"whole:":[260],"pragmatism":[262],"parties,":[265],"dependence":[267],"contacts":[273],"political":[275],"conditions,":[276],"complexity":[278],"\u201cdocking\u201d":[281],"different":[283],"systems,":[285],"unconditional":[287],"priority":[288],"short-term":[290],"commercial":[291],"benefits":[292],"activities":[295],"businessmen":[298],"possibilities":[301],"deep":[303],"parties.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}
