{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202271585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.10.744029","title":"Community-level diversity of viral counter-defensomes","display_name":"Community-level diversity of viral counter-defensomes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202271585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.10.744029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.10.744029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.10.744029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.10.744029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.10.744029","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092634880","display_name":"Angelina Beavogui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4876-263X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4876-263X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096708","display_name":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique du Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc55v17","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I88467170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115028","display_name":"Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/028pnqf58","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelina Beavogui","raw_affiliation_strings":["G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4876-263X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027073391","display_name":"Lucas da Silva e Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9103-4993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9103-4993"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096708","display_name":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique du Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc55v17","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I88467170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115028","display_name":"Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/028pnqf58","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas da Silva e Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147045285","display_name":"Izabel GM Gomes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096708","display_name":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique du Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc55v17","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I88467170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115028","display_name":"Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/028pnqf58","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izabel de G. M. Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147018099","display_name":"Luke Doladille","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096708","display_name":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique du Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc55v17","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I88467170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115028","display_name":"Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/028pnqf58","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Doladille","raw_affiliation_strings":["G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006098855","display_name":"Nicolas Wiart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9701-4262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9701-4262"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801360556","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv25t22","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2801360556","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085925","display_name":"Centre National de Recherche en G\u00e9nomique Humaine","ror":"https://ror.org/004yvsb77","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210085925","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I4405259120"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Wiart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en G\u00e9nomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, 91057, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en G\u00e9nomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, 91057, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2801360556","https://openalex.org/I4210085925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011555000","display_name":"Patrick Wincker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-3454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-3454","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-1443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096708","display_name":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique du Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc55v17","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I88467170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115028","display_name":"Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/028pnqf58","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Wincker","raw_affiliation_strings":["G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-3454","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083507492","display_name":"Pedro H. Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-8367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-8367","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9707-5206"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096708","display_name":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique du Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc55v17","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I88467170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115028","display_name":"Genoscope","ror":"https://ror.org/028pnqf58","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedro H. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-8367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"G\u00e9nomique M\u00e9tabolique, Genoscope, Institut Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Evry, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Cr\u00e9mieux, Evry, 91057, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210115028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083507492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210096708","https://openalex.org/I4210115028"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10878","display_name":"CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-defense-mechanisms","display_name":"bacterial defense mechanisms","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phage-bacteria-coevolution","display_name":"phage-bacteria coevolution","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phageome","display_name":"phageome","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-range","display_name":"host range","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-islands","display_name":"gene islands","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-gene-transfer","display_name":"horizontal gene transfer","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleocytoplasmic-large-dna-viruses","display_name":"nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-phages","display_name":"soil phages","score":0.7210000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7860999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.6923999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019737400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host specificity","level":3,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92938381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83185","display_name":"Horizontal gene transfer","level":4,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776441376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165028","display_name":"Bacteriophage","level":4,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44671064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189800","display_name":"Gene pool","level":4,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165864922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411391","display_name":"Regulation of gene expression","level":3,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989419327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322348","display_name":"Arms race","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85721925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31151","display_name":"Population genetics","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197077220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720988","display_name":"Human genome","level":4,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.10.744029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.10.744029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.10.744029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.10.744029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.10.744029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.10.744029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523894467","https://openalex.org/W2037801462","https://openalex.org/W2043083543","https://openalex.org/W2073950141","https://openalex.org/W2096093282","https://openalex.org/W2101291993","https://openalex.org/W2108234281","https://openalex.org/W2124799197","https://openalex.org/W2126142701","https://openalex.org/W2143485490","https://openalex.org/W2161247547","https://openalex.org/W2168749192","https://openalex.org/W2276943521","https://openalex.org/W2289983026","https://openalex.org/W2323326409","https://openalex.org/W2337747100","https://openalex.org/W2337925323","https://openalex.org/W2342508939","https://openalex.org/W2346485333","https://openalex.org/W2384121742","https://openalex.org/W2417593230","https://openalex.org/W2531800017","https://openalex.org/W2565984079","https://openalex.org/W2602855059","https://openalex.org/W2736920791","https://openalex.org/W2763331730","https://openalex.org/W2766874121","https://openalex.org/W2770060362","https://openalex.org/W2902044335","https://openalex.org/W2925163882","https://openalex.org/W2940459311","https://openalex.org/W2950954328","https://openalex.org/W2951579468","https://openalex.org/W2951912016","https://openalex.org/W2964852588","https://openalex.org/W2996065690","https://openalex.org/W2997383678","https://openalex.org/W2999639869","https://openalex.org/W3032316673","https://openalex.org/W3111748576","https://openalex.org/W3118048495","https://openalex.org/W3121345102","https://openalex.org/W3128142453","https://openalex.org/W3132890345","https://openalex.org/W3143063265","https://openalex.org/W3162754977","https://openalex.org/W3197156298","https://openalex.org/W3207333290","https://openalex.org/W4210903075","https://openalex.org/W4220997118","https://openalex.org/W4221051154","https://openalex.org/W4224238330","https://openalex.org/W4229443239","https://openalex.org/W4283160203","https://openalex.org/W4289774674","https://openalex.org/W4312203532","https://openalex.org/W4313535427","https://openalex.org/W4321375491","https://openalex.org/W4366401148","https://openalex.org/W4384561875","https://openalex.org/W4385749849","https://openalex.org/W4387130650","https://openalex.org/W4387966836","https://openalex.org/W4388895886","https://openalex.org/W4389795842","https://openalex.org/W4391275234","https://openalex.org/W4391997443","https://openalex.org/W4392528814","https://openalex.org/W4392581276","https://openalex.org/W4399861224","https://openalex.org/W4400179445","https://openalex.org/W4400730579","https://openalex.org/W4401215957","https://openalex.org/W4401409504","https://openalex.org/W4401659981","https://openalex.org/W4401913325","https://openalex.org/W4403761378","https://openalex.org/W4404693383","https://openalex.org/W4405220483","https://openalex.org/W4407242113","https://openalex.org/W4407764705","https://openalex.org/W4408940104","https://openalex.org/W4409990698","https://openalex.org/W4412699358","https://openalex.org/W4412841000","https://openalex.org/W4413995772","https://openalex.org/W4415748412","https://openalex.org/W4416109193","https://openalex.org/W4416386549","https://openalex.org/W4416717050","https://openalex.org/W4417492577","https://openalex.org/W7125610258","https://openalex.org/W7125836517","https://openalex.org/W7126255064","https://openalex.org/W7134276344","https://openalex.org/W7138459685","https://openalex.org/W7148346046","https://openalex.org/W7149584417","https://openalex.org/W7162630973","https://openalex.org/W7222580070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412363362","https://openalex.org/W7138459685","https://openalex.org/W4412708912","https://openalex.org/W4292566575","https://openalex.org/W4389938341","https://openalex.org/W4413995772","https://openalex.org/W4392581276","https://openalex.org/W4392040141","https://openalex.org/W2984113873","https://openalex.org/W4283699909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Bacteria":[1],"and":[2,26,50,73,101,112,126,153,183,194],"phages":[3,29],"have":[4,19,30],"co-evolved":[5],"tit-for-tat":[6],"strategies":[7,177],"to":[8,34,143],"combat":[9],"one":[10],"another":[11],"for":[12,187],"survival.":[13],"To":[14],"overcome":[15],"phage":[16,60,94,118,151],"infection,":[17],"bacteria":[18],"developed":[20],"various":[21],"defense":[22,155],"systems":[23,77],"(the":[24],"defensome),":[25],"in":[27,109,137,196],"response,":[28],"evolved":[31],"a":[32,85,144,185],"counter-defensome":[33,61,90,116,134],"inhibit":[35],"or":[36],"evade":[37],"such":[38],"defensive":[39],"strategies.":[40],"While":[41],"significant":[42],"progress":[43],"has":[44],"been":[45],"achieved":[46],"on":[47,70],"mechanistic,":[48],"structural":[49],"functional":[51],"aspects":[52],"of":[53,58,75,88,91,114,132,147,161],"the":[54,56,59,71,89,110,115,133,174],"defensome,":[55],"study":[57],"is":[62],"relatively":[63],"new,":[64],"with":[65,122,139],"very":[66],"limited":[67,145],"information":[68],"available":[69],"diversity":[72],"distribution":[74],"these":[76],"across":[78,117,159,178],"complex":[79],"environmental":[80],"phageomes.":[81],"Here":[82],"we":[83],"present":[84],"large-scale":[86],"analysis":[87],"50,595":[92],"DNA":[93,164],"population":[95],"genomes":[96,160],"reconstructed":[97],"from":[98],"soil,":[99],"marine,":[100],"human":[102],"gut":[103],"environments.":[104],"We":[105],"observed":[106],"substantial":[107,130],"variation":[108],"frequency":[111],"composition":[113],"families,":[119],"which":[120],"correlated":[121],"host":[123],"range,":[124],"habitat,":[125],"geographic":[127],"context.":[128],"A":[129],"fraction":[131],"was":[135],"clustered":[136],"islands,":[138],"gene":[140,169],"expression":[141],"restricted":[142],"subset":[146],"families.":[148],"Moreover,":[149],"both":[150],"counter-defense":[152,176],"bacterial-type":[154],"families":[156],"were":[157],"detected":[158],"nucleocytoplasmic":[162],"large":[163],"viruses,":[165],"suggesting":[166],"cross-clade":[167],"horizontal":[168],"transfer.":[170],"Our":[171],"results":[172],"reveal":[173],"diverse":[175],"environmentally":[179],"distinct":[180],"viral":[181],"communities":[182],"provide":[184],"foundation":[186],"uncovering":[188],"novel":[189],"mechanisms":[190],"that":[191],"shape":[192],"conflicts":[193],"alliances":[195],"host\u2013virus":[197],"immunity":[198],"networks.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}
