{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202264702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/academicus.v4i2.7","title":"Effect of digital platforms on Return on Investment","display_name":"Effect of digital platforms on Return on Investment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202264702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/academicus.v4i2.7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/academicus.v4i2.7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/academicus.v4i2.7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/academicus.v4i2.7","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/academicus/article/download/332068/312137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663230","display_name":"Academicus magazine.","issn_l":"3005-3633","issn":["3005-3633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Revista Academicus: Revista multidisciplinar","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/academicus/article/download/332068/312137","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133412224","display_name":"Charles Nchimbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3698-5052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3698-5052"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles Nchimbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Agriculture - Tanz\u00e2nia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3698-5052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Agriculture - Tanz\u00e2nia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133412224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"70","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12662","display_name":"Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture","score":0.5005000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12662","display_name":"Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture","score":0.5005000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.4636000096797943,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.021299999207258224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-platforms","display_name":"digital platforms","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-investment","display_name":"return on investment","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/onion-production","display_name":"onion cultivation","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whatsapp","display_name":"WhatsApp","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facebook","display_name":"Facebook","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instagram","display_name":"Instagram","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-marketing","display_name":"agricultural marketing","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-access","display_name":"market access","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-costs","display_name":"transaction costs","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-technology-adoption","display_name":"digital technology adoption","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-credit","display_name":"access to credit","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-extension","display_name":"agricultural extension","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-literacy","display_name":"digital literacy","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-inclusion","display_name":"financial inclusion","score":0.6019999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779251847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60852","display_name":"Financial inclusion","level":3,"score":0.7379000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.694599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5999000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5828999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139043278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837171","display_name":"Financial services","level":2,"score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169549615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939134","display_name":"Return on investment","level":3,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540431452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16319025","display_name":"FinTech","level":3,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98965940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877496","display_name":"Transaction cost","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779601481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650241","display_name":"Financial institution","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112945","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","level":3,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164516710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166072","display_name":"Financial transaction","level":3,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191511416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999278","display_name":"Customer satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98495876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323528","display_name":"Digital marketing","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173655357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244752","display_name":"Digital divide","level":3,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127722929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833714","display_name":"Transaction data","level":3,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/academicus.v4i2.7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/academicus.v4i2.7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/academicus.v4i2.7","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/academicus/article/download/332068/312137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663230","display_name":"Academicus magazine.","issn_l":"3005-3633","issn":["3005-3633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Revista Academicus: Revista multidisciplinar","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/academicus.v4i2.7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/academicus.v4i2.7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/academicus.v4i2.7","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/academicus/article/download/332068/312137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663230","display_name":"Academicus magazine.","issn_l":"3005-3633","issn":["3005-3633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Revista Academicus: Revista multidisciplinar","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.9211000204086304,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.8928999900817871,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202264702.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202264702.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608218766","https://openalex.org/W2083864333","https://openalex.org/W2726199314","https://openalex.org/W2885914841","https://openalex.org/W2975476079","https://openalex.org/W2989730994","https://openalex.org/W2990272218","https://openalex.org/W3015126145","https://openalex.org/W3193038699","https://openalex.org/W4200388576","https://openalex.org/W4313399892","https://openalex.org/W4327629220","https://openalex.org/W4365141153","https://openalex.org/W4386068959","https://openalex.org/W4389373554","https://openalex.org/W4389480890","https://openalex.org/W4389764945","https://openalex.org/W4391060542","https://openalex.org/W4392057501","https://openalex.org/W4392710392","https://openalex.org/W4396684741","https://openalex.org/W4400484878","https://openalex.org/W4401275794","https://openalex.org/W4401548206","https://openalex.org/W4401792579","https://openalex.org/W4402055457","https://openalex.org/W4402321109","https://openalex.org/W4404555511","https://openalex.org/W6903854639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135098266","https://openalex.org/W7153466781","https://openalex.org/W7221812264","https://openalex.org/W4365513335","https://openalex.org/W7064524892","https://openalex.org/W7134049752","https://openalex.org/W7172239107","https://openalex.org/W7154380940","https://openalex.org/W4393241909","https://openalex.org/W7116854060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,19,32,81,117],"effect":[4],"of":[5,29,119],"digital":[6,45,52,128,153],"platform":[7],"usage":[8],"on":[9,11,151],"Return":[10],"Investment":[12],"(ROI)":[13],"among":[14],"smallholder":[15,134],"onion":[16],"farmers":[17,90],"at":[18],"Igomelo":[20],"Irrigation":[21],"Scheme":[22],"in":[23,88],"Tanzania.":[24],"Using":[25],"a":[26],"cross-sectional":[27],"survey":[28],"399":[30],"farmers,":[31],"Two-Stage":[33],"Least":[34],"Squares":[35],"(2SLS)":[36],"model":[37],"was":[38],"applied":[39],"to":[40,91,104,159],"account":[41],"for":[42,132],"endogeneity":[43],"between":[44],"adoption":[46],"and":[47,60,73,78,94,102,106,121,143,156],"ROI.":[48],"Results":[49],"reveal":[50],"that":[51,127],"platforms":[53,129],"such":[54],"as":[55],"WhatsApp,":[56],"Facebook,":[57],"Instagram,":[58],"E-Kilimo,":[59],"Fresh":[61],"Kilimo":[62],"significantly":[63],"enhance":[64],"ROI":[65,161],"by":[66,136],"improving":[67,152],"market":[68],"access,":[69],"reducing":[70],"transaction":[71],"costs,":[72],"increasing":[74],"marketing":[75,141],"efficiency.":[76],"Instagram":[77],"Facebook":[79],"demonstrated":[80],"strongest":[82],"positive":[83],"effects,":[84],"highlighting":[85],"their":[86],"role":[87],"connecting":[89],"premium":[92],"buyers":[93],"transparent":[95],"pricing":[96],"systems.":[97],"Household":[98],"size,":[99],"land":[100],"ownership,":[101],"access":[103],"credit":[105],"extension":[107],"services":[108],"were":[109],"also":[110],"positively":[111],"associated":[112],"with":[113],"higher":[114],"ROI,":[115],"reflecting":[116],"importance":[118],"socioeconomic":[120],"institutional":[122],"support.":[123],"The":[124],"findings":[125],"underscore":[126],"are":[130],"vital":[131],"transforming":[133],"agriculture":[135],"fostering":[137],"informed":[138],"decision-making,":[139],"lowering":[140],"inefficiencies,":[142],"promoting":[144],"inclusive":[145],"growth.":[146,162],"Policy":[147],"efforts":[148],"should":[149],"focus":[150],"literacy,":[154],"connectivity,":[155],"financial":[157],"inclusion":[158],"sustain":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}