{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202261364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355621","title":"Exploring the association between home delivery and under-five mortality in Ethiopia: A bivariate multilevel mixed-effects analysis","display_name":"Exploring the association between home delivery and under-five mortality in Ethiopia: A bivariate multilevel mixed-effects analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202261364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355621","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585178","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13465812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0355621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355621","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0355621&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0355621&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115538451","display_name":"Wondaya Fenta Zewdia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0914-3933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0914-3933"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wondaya Fenta Zewdia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0914-3933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047026775","display_name":"Maru Zewdu Kassie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-9623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-9623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122757","display_name":"Asossa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkn4852","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122757"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maru Zewdu Kassie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","Department of Statistics, College of Sciences, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-9623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, College of Sciences, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089857974","display_name":"Melkamu Ayana Zeru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4684-6090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4684-6090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melkamu A. Zeru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040389885","display_name":"Asteray Assmie Ayenew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9112-7191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9112-7191"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["AU","ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asteray Assmie Ayenew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047026775","https://openalex.org/A5115538451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122757","https://openalex.org/I57092466"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"8","first_page":"e0355621","last_page":"e0355621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-delivery","display_name":"home delivery","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/under-five-mortality","display_name":"under-five mortality","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-mortality","display_name":"child mortality","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skilled-birth-attendance","display_name":"skilled birth attendance","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-education","display_name":"maternal education","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-age","display_name":"maternal age","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-wealth","display_name":"household wealth","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-care","display_name":"prenatal care","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postnatal-care","display_name":"postpartum care","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-exposure","display_name":"media exposure","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-residence","display_name":"rural residence","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-disparities","display_name":"regional disparities","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethiopia","display_name":"Ethiopia","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.7645000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7069000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.691100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6233000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6047000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.5669000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46299933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61559","display_name":"Child mortality","level":3,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.38190001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112299071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835884","display_name":"Infant mortality","level":3,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778279030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543380","display_name":"Live birth","level":3,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168743327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427","display_name":"Random effects model","level":3,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197656967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17058458","display_name":"Marginal model","level":3,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27403532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532474","display_name":"Generalized estimating equation","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779271867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322263","display_name":"Place of birth","level":3,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992879847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel modelling","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625506","display_name":"Premature birth","level":4,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779083892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692979","display_name":"Low birth weight","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128476","display_name":"Birth weight","level":3,"score":0.26109999418258667}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005002","descriptor_name":"Ethiopia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006700","descriptor_name":"Home Childbirth","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007226","descriptor_name":"Infant Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046688","descriptor_name":"Child Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055361","descriptor_name":"Multilevel Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0355621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355621","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0355621&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13465812","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13465812/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13465812/pdf/pone.0355621.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42585178","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0355621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355621","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0355621&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202261364.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202261364.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1833168476","https://openalex.org/W1988996822","https://openalex.org/W2013138625","https://openalex.org/W2019091990","https://openalex.org/W2055079578","https://openalex.org/W2150982922","https://openalex.org/W2246695730","https://openalex.org/W2549697535","https://openalex.org/W2793500902","https://openalex.org/W2895827559","https://openalex.org/W2921411284","https://openalex.org/W2939736454","https://openalex.org/W2966084320","https://openalex.org/W2973219052","https://openalex.org/W3024308550","https://openalex.org/W3028542724","https://openalex.org/W3046993953","https://openalex.org/W3049571246","https://openalex.org/W3081543213","https://openalex.org/W3088818428","https://openalex.org/W3092217254","https://openalex.org/W3116799109","https://openalex.org/W3120670151","https://openalex.org/W3123483993","https://openalex.org/W3124764415","https://openalex.org/W3130382068","https://openalex.org/W3153335719","https://openalex.org/W3191103984","https://openalex.org/W4206800859","https://openalex.org/W4206811881","https://openalex.org/W4223469050","https://openalex.org/W4280562481","https://openalex.org/W4280598873","https://openalex.org/W4283689317","https://openalex.org/W4286560339","https://openalex.org/W4309115929","https://openalex.org/W4319159308","https://openalex.org/W4367180196"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380871533","https://openalex.org/W3116799109","https://openalex.org/W4401323483","https://openalex.org/W6963820617","https://openalex.org/W4393278762","https://openalex.org/W3088818428","https://openalex.org/W4367191304","https://openalex.org/W4391104888","https://openalex.org/W4292967663","https://openalex.org/W3081543213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"OF":[1],"THE":[2],"STUDY:":[3],"Child":[4],"mortality":[5,16,68],"remains":[6],"a":[7,71,86,186,230,243],"major":[8],"public":[9],"health":[10,51,231,313],"issue":[11],"in":[12,21,173,229,299,332],"Ethiopia,":[13],"with":[14,46,85,142,151,242,262,284],"under-five":[15,67,168,222,329],"rates":[17],"among":[18,82],"the":[19,59,92,124,143,174,291,320],"highest":[20],"sub-Saharan":[22],"Africa.":[23],"Despite":[24],"efforts":[25],"to":[26,57,122,137,318],"improve":[27],"maternal":[28,48,276,326],"and":[29,49,61,66,96,103,111,128,131,160,176,182,237,248,254,257,278,307,310,325],"child":[30,50,169,223,330],"health,":[31],"many":[32],"women":[33,84,150],"still":[34],"give":[35],"birth":[36,87,152],"at":[37,158,165,210,219],"home":[38,64,180,211,235,323],"without":[39],"skilled":[40],"assistance,":[41],"which":[42],"has":[43],"been":[44],"associated":[45,141,241,261,283],"adverse":[47],"outcomes.":[52],"Therefore,":[53],"this":[54],"study":[55,79],"aimed":[56],"investigate":[58],"association":[60,119,125,188],"determinants":[62],"of":[63,118,148,179,217,245,265,322,328],"delivery":[65,181,236,324],"(U5M)":[69],"using":[70,89,107],"multilevel":[72,132],"bivariate":[73,133],"modeling":[74],"approach.":[75],"METHODS:":[76],"A":[77],"cross-sectional":[78],"was":[80,120,135,185],"conducted":[81,136],"5,517":[83,149],"history":[88],"data":[90],"from":[91],"Ethiopian":[93],"Mini":[94],"Demographic":[95],"Health":[97],"Survey":[98],"(EMDHS)":[99],"2019.":[100],"Data":[101],"management":[102],"analysis":[104,134],"were":[105,156,239,260,282],"performed":[106],"STATA":[108],"version":[109,113],"17":[110],"R":[112],"4.2.2.":[114],"The":[115,195],"chi-square":[116],"test":[117],"used":[121],"examine":[123],"between":[126],"predictor":[127],"outcome":[129,144],"variables,":[130],"identify":[138],"significant":[139,187],"factors":[140],"variables.":[145],"RESULTS:":[146],"Out":[147],"history,":[153],"2,842":[154],"(51.5%)":[155],"delivered":[157,209,228],"home,":[159],"269":[161],"(4.87%)":[162],"reported":[163],"experiencing":[164,218],"least":[166,220],"one":[167,221],"death.":[170],"As":[171],"shown":[172],"joint":[175],"marginal":[177],"probabilities":[178],"U5M,":[183],"there":[184],"(\u03c7\u00b2":[189],"=":[190,200],"3.83,":[191],"P-value":[192],"<":[193],"0.0001).":[194],"adjusted":[196],"odds":[197,216,264],"ratio":[198],"(AOR":[199],"2.19,":[201],"95%":[202],"CI:":[203],"1.89-2.62)":[204],"indicates":[205],"that":[206],"mothers":[207,226],"who":[208,227],"had":[212],"2.19":[213],"times":[214],"higher":[215,285],"death":[224,331],"than":[225],"facility.":[232],"CONCLUSION:":[233],"Overall,":[234],"U5M":[238],"significantly":[240],"combination":[244],"individual,":[246],"household,":[247],"community-level":[249],"factors.":[250],"Education,":[251],"wealth,":[252],"antenatal":[253,306],"postnatal":[255,308],"care,":[256,309],"media":[258],"exposure":[259],"lower":[263,279],"both":[266],"outcomes,":[267],"while":[268],"rural":[269,300],"residence,":[270],"too":[271,274],"young":[272],"or":[273],"old":[275],"age,":[277],"economic":[280],"status":[281],"odds.":[286],"Regional":[287],"disparities":[288],"further":[289],"indicate":[290],"need":[292],"for":[293],"targeted":[294],"interventions.":[295],"Expanding":[296],"healthcare":[297],"access":[298],"areas,":[301],"improving":[302],"female":[303],"education,":[304],"promoting":[305],"increasing":[311],"media-based":[312],"awareness":[314],"campaigns":[315],"may":[316],"contribute":[317],"reducing":[319],"prevalence":[321],"experience":[327],"Ethiopia.":[333]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}
