{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202246393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193202","title":"\u201cHealth as Work\u201d, Structural Vulnerability Shaping Migrant Health in Non-Metropolitan Spain: A Qualitative Study","display_name":"\u201cHealth as Work\u201d, Structural Vulnerability Shaping Migrant Health in Non-Metropolitan Spain: A Qualitative Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202246393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193202","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42881641","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13665365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14193202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193202","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039769977","display_name":"Elena Andina D\u00edaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-1967","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-1967"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Andina-D\u00edaz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-1967","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081897548","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Carmen Villar Bustos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-5651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-5651"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Villar-Bustos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-5651","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011331066","display_name":"Enedina Quiroga S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-3852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-3852"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enedina Quiroga-S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-3852","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081897548"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55025786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"19","first_page":"3202","last_page":"3202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13534","display_name":"Migration, Identity, and Health","score":0.8598999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13534","display_name":"Migration, Identity, and Health","score":0.8598999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.11079999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14226","display_name":"Migration, Racism, and Human Rights","score":0.017899999395012856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migrant-health","display_name":"migrant health","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-vulnerability","display_name":"structural vulnerability","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precarious-work","display_name":"precarious employment","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-care","display_name":"barriers to care","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migration-processes","display_name":"migration processes","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-perceived-health","display_name":"health perception","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-literacy","display_name":"health literacy","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosocial-support","display_name":"psychosocial support","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-practice","display_name":"nursing practice","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-policy","display_name":"health policy","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culturally-responsive-care","display_name":"culturally responsive care","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zamora","display_name":"Zamora","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leon","display_name":"Le\u00f3n","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.614300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5967000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5546000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78491826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352","display_name":"Social determinants of health","level":3,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776687071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265193","display_name":"Destinations","level":3,"score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113470044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6056506","display_name":"Interpretative phenomenological analysis","level":3,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60961049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379693","display_name":"Deportation","level":3,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46578552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725393","display_name":"Global health","level":3,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14193202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202608.0822.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.0822.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.0822.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13665365","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13665365/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13665365/pdf/healthcare-14-03202.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42881641","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42881641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14193202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331769","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202246393.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202246393.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2056725025","https://openalex.org/W2128349219","https://openalex.org/W2138664283","https://openalex.org/W2951549158","https://openalex.org/W3097609841","https://openalex.org/W3103540847","https://openalex.org/W3108891694","https://openalex.org/W3193315718","https://openalex.org/W3203121218","https://openalex.org/W3203512089","https://openalex.org/W4281778718","https://openalex.org/W4287877544","https://openalex.org/W4361198034","https://openalex.org/W4386564765","https://openalex.org/W4395043887","https://openalex.org/W4404723542","https://openalex.org/W4406940120","https://openalex.org/W4407971375","https://openalex.org/W4409303872","https://openalex.org/W7128186650","https://openalex.org/W7165805879","https://openalex.org/W7168266873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412820569","https://openalex.org/W7217753169","https://openalex.org/W4405416692","https://openalex.org/W4395660748","https://openalex.org/W4395043887","https://openalex.org/W4367677497","https://openalex.org/W7077051983","https://openalex.org/W3122919830","https://openalex.org/W4392167150","https://openalex.org/W3191334963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Migrants":[1],"often":[2],"experience":[3,50],"health":[4,30,51,64,125,146,195,203,220,236,255],"inequities":[5],"resulting":[6],"from":[7,173],"administrative":[8,174,240],"insecurity,":[9,175],"precarious":[10,176],"employment,":[11,177],"and":[12,56,63,88,103,105,131,133,152,178,183,197,215,221,231,241,244,250],"barriers":[13,243],"to":[14,40,57,73,109,150,223,253],"healthcare":[15,192,248],"access.":[16],"Although":[17],"non-metropolitan":[18,46,206],"areas":[19,47],"are":[20,208],"increasingly":[21],"important":[22],"destinations":[23],"for":[24,60,113],"migrant":[25],"populations,":[26],"evidence":[27],"on":[28],"their":[29],"experiences":[31,204],"in":[32,45,82,91,190,205],"these":[33],"settings":[34],"remains":[35],"limited.":[36],"This":[37,166],"study":[38,107],"aimed":[39],"examine":[41],"how":[42],"migrants":[43,80],"living":[44,81],"of":[48,86,161],"Spain":[49,207],"throughout":[52],"the":[53,83,106,110,148],"migration":[54,123],"process":[55],"identify":[58],"implications":[59],"nursing":[61],"practice":[62,226],"policy.":[65],"Methods:":[66],"A":[67],"qualitative":[68],"phenomenological":[69],"design":[70],"was":[71],"used":[72],"explore":[74],"migrants\u2019":[75],"lived":[76],"experiences.":[77],"Twenty-two":[78],"adult":[79],"Spanish":[84],"provinces":[85],"Zamora":[87],"Le\u00f3n":[89],"participated":[90],"semi-structured,":[92],"in-depth":[93],"interviews.":[94],"Data":[95],"were":[96,186],"analyzed":[97],"using":[98],"thematic":[99],"analysis":[100],"following":[101],"Braun":[102],"Clarke,":[104],"adhered":[108],"Consolidated":[111],"Criteria":[112],"Reporting":[114],"Qualitative":[115],"Research":[116],"(COREQ).":[117],"Results:":[118],"Five":[119],"interconnected":[120],"themes":[121],"emerged:":[122],"process,":[124],"perceptions,":[126],"social":[127,180],"networks,":[128],"work":[129,151],"conditions,":[130],"adaptation":[132],"integration.":[134],"The":[135],"central":[136],"finding,":[137],"\u201cHealth":[138],"as":[139,147,158,188],"Work\u201d,":[140],"revealed":[141],"that":[142],"participants":[143],"primarily":[144],"understood":[145],"ability":[149],"maintain":[153],"economic":[154],"stability":[155],"rather":[156],"than":[157],"a":[159],"state":[160],"physical":[162],"or":[163],"mental":[164],"well-being.":[165],"perspective":[167],"reflected":[168],"broader":[169],"structural":[170,211],"vulnerability":[171],"arising":[172],"limited":[179],"support.":[181,200],"Nurses":[182],"third-sector":[184],"organizations":[185,252],"identified":[187],"essential":[189],"facilitating":[191],"navigation,":[193],"promoting":[194],"literacy,":[196],"providing":[198],"psychosocial":[199],"Conclusions:":[201],"Migrants\u2019":[202],"shaped":[209],"by":[210],"vulnerability,":[212],"with":[213],"employment":[214,242],"legal":[216],"status":[217],"strongly":[218],"influencing":[219],"access":[222],"care.":[224],"Nursing":[225],"should":[227,238],"integrate":[228],"culturally":[229],"responsive":[230],"structurally":[232],"informed":[233],"care,":[234],"while":[235],"policies":[237],"reduce":[239],"strengthen":[245],"collaboration":[246],"between":[247],"services":[249],"community":[251],"promote":[254],"equity.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-13T00:00:00"}