{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202216379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.07645","title":"Mendel G\u00f6del Machine: Recursive Self-Improving Coding Agents via Comparative Evolution","display_name":"Mendel G\u00f6del Machine: Recursive Self-Improving Coding Agents via Comparative Evolution","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202216379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.07645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.07645","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.07645","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.07645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.07645","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139758265","display_name":"Changzhi Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Changzhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130344808","display_name":"Yilun Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Yilun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132755543","display_name":"Sikuan Yan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386549","display_name":"Munich Center for Machine Learning","ror":"https://ror.org/02nfy3535","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386549","https://openalex.org/I62916508","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan, Sikuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich","Munich Center for Machine Learning"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Center for Machine Learning","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074808403","display_name":"Volker Tresp C","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9428-3686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9428-3686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386549","display_name":"Munich Center for Machine Learning","ror":"https://ror.org/02nfy3535","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386549","https://openalex.org/I62916508","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tresp, Volker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich","Munich Center for Machine Learning"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Center for Machine Learning","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137623097","display_name":"Yunpu Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386549","display_name":"Munich Center for Machine Learning","ror":"https://ror.org/02nfy3535","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386549","https://openalex.org/I62916508","https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Yunpu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich","Munich Center for Machine Learning"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Center for Machine Learning","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.8901000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.8901000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.09059999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-modification","display_name":"self-modification","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mendelian-inheritance","display_name":"Mendelian inheritance","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clonal-mutations","display_name":"clonal mutations","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-evolution","display_name":"comparative evolution","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-landscape","display_name":"fitness landscape","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swe-bench","display_name":"SWE-bench","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyglots","display_name":"polyglots","score":0.8510000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7386000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6256999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780239667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2102850","display_name":"Polyglot","level":2,"score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175783326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185055","display_name":"Mendelian inheritance","level":3,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.07645","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.07645","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.07645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.07645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.07645","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.07645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.07645","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.07645","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.07645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6197272878","display_name":"hessianAISC - hessianAI Service Center","funder_award_id":"16IS22091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202216379.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202216379.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158468099","https://openalex.org/W758372786","https://openalex.org/W2155277832","https://openalex.org/W2946004135","https://openalex.org/W3041043431","https://openalex.org/W3177813494","https://openalex.org/W3195140297","https://openalex.org/W4225405251","https://openalex.org/W4385965642","https://openalex.org/W4389520009","https://openalex.org/W4391631327","https://openalex.org/W4415108068","https://openalex.org/W4415252687","https://openalex.org/W4417525566","https://openalex.org/W7133222210","https://openalex.org/W7140086132","https://openalex.org/W7153881600","https://openalex.org/W7158074624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7101430733","https://openalex.org/W4412505633","https://openalex.org/W6891932439","https://openalex.org/W7223573068","https://openalex.org/W7140086132","https://openalex.org/W7213580804","https://openalex.org/W7127903492","https://openalex.org/W7166060389","https://openalex.org/W7214890487","https://openalex.org/W7221813947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-improving":[0],"coding":[1,15],"agents":[2],"that":[3,72,127],"iteratively":[4],"rewrite":[5],"their":[6],"own":[7],"source":[8],"code":[9],"have":[10],"demonstrated":[11],"impressive":[12],"performance":[13],"on":[14,84,87,108,141],"tasks.":[16],"However,":[17],"existing":[18],"solutions":[19],"generally":[20],"derive":[21],"self-modification":[22,71],"from":[23,105],"a":[24,29,102,132],"single":[25],"failure":[26],"trajectory":[27,100],"at":[28],"time,":[30],"overlooking":[31],"rich":[32],"comparative":[33],"signals":[34],"available":[35],"in":[36,149],"the":[37,60,77,92,99,109,128],"agent's":[38],"expanding":[39],"archive":[40],"of":[41,48,70,101],"past":[42],"attempts.":[43],"According":[44],"to":[45,59],"Mendelian":[46],"principles":[47],"controlled":[49,124],"inheritance,":[50],"we":[51,118],"introduce":[52],"Mendel":[53],"G\u00f6del":[54],"Machine":[55],"(MGM).":[56],"In":[57],"addition":[58],"general":[61],"single-trajectory":[62,138],"clonal":[63],"mutation,":[64],"MGM":[65],"includes":[66],"two":[67],"new":[68,129],"types":[69],"better":[73,135],"utilizes":[74],"evidences":[75],"accumulated:":[76],"reaction-norm":[78],"mutation":[79],"edits":[80,95],"an":[81,96,113],"agent":[82,97,104],"based":[83],"its":[85],"trajectories":[86],"multiple":[88],"tasks":[89],"simultaneously,":[90],"and":[91,121,134,143,152],"cross-lineage":[93],"hybridization":[94],"using":[98],"reference":[103],"another":[106],"lineage":[107],"same":[110],"task.":[111],"Under":[112],"additive":[114],"fitness":[115],"landscape":[116],"model,":[117],"prove":[119],"theoretically":[120],"demonstrate":[122],"via":[123],"surrogate":[125],"simulation":[126],"strategies":[130],"facilitate":[131],"faster":[133],"convergence":[136],"over":[137],"baselines.":[139],"Experiments":[140],"SWE-bench":[142],"Polyglot":[144],"confirm":[145],"MGM's":[146],"consistent":[147],"improvement":[148],"performance,":[150],"efficiency,":[151],"generalizability.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-08-12T00:00:00"}