{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202205003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hkj2.70124","title":"Regional deprivation and out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest outcomes: Moderated mediation by call\u2010to\u2010emergency department time and bystander resuscitation","display_name":"Regional deprivation and out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest outcomes: Moderated mediation by call\u2010to\u2010emergency department time and bystander resuscitation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202205003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hkj2.70124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/hkj2.70124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hkj2.70124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hkj2.70124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69331574","display_name":"Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1024-9079","issn":["1024-9079","2309-5407"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hkj2.70124","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000098258","display_name":"So Yeon Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-7342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-7342"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802717583","display_name":"Laerdal (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/02e6g6a88","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802717583"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"So Yeon Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategic Research Laerdal Medical  Stavanger Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-7342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Research Laerdal Medical  Stavanger Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802717583"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003549921","display_name":"Seungmin Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-3324","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-3324"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146824383","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungmin Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Hallym University College of Medicine  Chuncheon Korea","Gangwon Center for Infectious Diseases  Chuncheon Korea","Institute of Social Medicine Hallym University  Chuncheon Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-3324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Hallym University College of Medicine  Chuncheon Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gangwon Center for Infectious Diseases  Chuncheon Korea","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Social Medicine Hallym University  Chuncheon Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58598942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest","display_name":"out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-deprivation","display_name":"regional deprivation","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-deprivation","display_name":"socioeconomic deprivation","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bystander-cpr","display_name":"bystander CPR","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurological-outcome","display_name":"neurological outcome","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-performance-category","display_name":"cerebral performance category","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-medical-services","display_name":"emergency medical services","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation-analysis","display_name":"mediation analysis","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8996000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19106626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230749","display_name":"Bystander effect","level":2,"score":0.847599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6733999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.6305999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.5843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.5655999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778165595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5491454","display_name":"Resuscitation","level":2,"score":0.5486000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777055891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185325","display_name":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation","level":3,"score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545288138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860447","display_name":"Emergency medical services","level":2,"score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24614281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086331","display_name":"Moderated mediation","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017552255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Arrival time","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778619729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7317197","display_name":"Return of spontaneous circulation","level":4,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/hkj2.70124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hkj2.70124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hkj2.70124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69331574","display_name":"Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1024-9079","issn":["1024-9079","2309-5407"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e8ada85a5f1944f9bd01b61c08beeb56","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e8ada85a5f1944f9bd01b61c08beeb56","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol 33, Iss 4, Pp n/a-n/a (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/hkj2.70124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hkj2.70124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hkj2.70124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69331574","display_name":"Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1024-9079","issn":["1024-9079","2309-5407"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010143351","https://openalex.org/W2101552564","https://openalex.org/W2141231045","https://openalex.org/W2329503388","https://openalex.org/W2781672465","https://openalex.org/W2792648605","https://openalex.org/W2889891960","https://openalex.org/W2902386948","https://openalex.org/W2949296928","https://openalex.org/W3087464964","https://openalex.org/W3091039647","https://openalex.org/W3107198095","https://openalex.org/W3142157581","https://openalex.org/W3211916614","https://openalex.org/W4281614678","https://openalex.org/W4284978110","https://openalex.org/W4290989492","https://openalex.org/W4294578228","https://openalex.org/W4306661834","https://openalex.org/W4313419749","https://openalex.org/W4376121396","https://openalex.org/W4379874862","https://openalex.org/W4385441833","https://openalex.org/W4386877764","https://openalex.org/W4389699836","https://openalex.org/W4390077404","https://openalex.org/W4391041026","https://openalex.org/W4391169031","https://openalex.org/W4401325273","https://openalex.org/W4402985810","https://openalex.org/W4407164650","https://openalex.org/W4408837821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7127986994","https://openalex.org/W2130482961","https://openalex.org/W4409479314","https://openalex.org/W7212048211","https://openalex.org/W3217014848","https://openalex.org/W2337840608","https://openalex.org/W4401247563","https://openalex.org/W3177178797","https://openalex.org/W3000632913","https://openalex.org/W2050382068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"To":[2],"evaluate":[3],"whether":[4,24],"delayed":[5,148,215],"emergency":[6,43],"department":[7],"(ED)":[8],"arrival":[9,80,149,166],"mediates":[10],"the":[11,35,154,173,180],"association":[12,175],"between":[13],"regional":[14],"deprivation":[15,62,68,204],"and":[16,23,89,104,122,125,162,176],"outcomes":[17,210],"after":[18,145,211],"out\u2010of\u2010hospital":[19],"cardiac":[20,50],"arrest":[21,123],"(OHCA),":[22],"this":[25],"mediation":[26,107,220],"differs":[27],"by":[28,127],"bystander":[29,128,188,192,222],"cardiopulmonary":[30],"resuscitation":[31],"(CPR).":[32],"Methods":[33],"Using":[34],"Korean":[36],"nationwide":[37],"OHCA":[38],"registry":[39],"(2015\u20132022),":[40],"we":[41],"included":[42],"medical":[44],"services\u2010transported":[45],"witnessed":[46],"arrests":[47],"of":[48,115,136,172,179],"presumed":[49],"etiology":[51],"among":[52],"adults":[53],"aged":[54],"18\u201380":[55],"years":[56],"(":[57],"n":[58],"=":[59],"54,754).":[60],"Regional":[61,203],"was":[63,78,205,224],"defined":[64],"using":[65],"a":[66],"census\u2010based":[67],"index":[69],"(most":[70],"deprived":[71],"20%":[72],"vs":[73,83,196,200],"remaining":[74],"80%).":[75],"The":[76],"mediator":[77],"call\u2010to\u2010ED":[79],"time":[81],"(>30":[82],"\u226430":[84],"minutes).":[85],"Outcomes":[86],"were":[87,109,159,185],"mortality":[88,137],"death":[90],"or":[91],"unfavorable":[92],"neurological":[93],"outcome":[94],"at":[95],"discharge":[96,209],"(Cerebral":[97],"Performance":[98],"Category":[99],"3\u20135).":[100],"Multivariable":[101],"logistic":[102],"regression":[103],"counterfactual\u2010based":[105],"causal":[106],"analyses":[108],"adjusted":[110],"for":[111,147],"age,":[112],"sex,":[113],"year":[114],"occurrence,":[116],"insurance":[117],"type,":[118],"prehospital":[119],"shockable":[120],"rhythm,":[121],"location,":[124],"stratified":[126],"CPR.":[129],"Results":[130],"Deprived":[131],"areas":[132],"had":[133],"higher":[134,186],"odds":[135],"(aOR":[138,150],"1.58;":[139],"95%":[140],"CI":[141,170],"1.41\u20131.77),":[142],"which":[143],"attenuated":[144],"accounting":[146],"1.45;":[151],"1.29\u20131.62).":[152],"For":[153],"composite":[155,198],"outcome,":[156],"corresponding":[157],"aORs":[158],"2.30":[160],"(1.96\u20132.70)":[161],"2.15":[163],"(1.83\u20132.53).":[164],"Delayed":[165],"mediated":[167],"24.33%":[168],"(95%":[169],"18.85\u201329.82)":[171],"deprivation\u2013mortality":[174],"10.69%":[177],"(8.28\u201313.09)":[178],"deprivation\u2013composite":[181],"association.":[182],"Mediated":[183],"proportions":[184],"with":[187,207,218],"CPR":[189,193,223],"than":[190],"without":[191],"(mortality":[194],"44.12%":[195],"19.60%;":[197],"24.03%":[199],"7.24%).":[201],"Conclusion":[202],"associated":[206],"worse":[208],"OHCA,":[212],"partly":[213],"through":[214],"ED":[216],"arrival,":[217],"stronger":[219],"when":[221],"provided.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2026-08-12T00:00:00"}