{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202201611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","title":"Design-Expert\u00ae Optimization of Tamoxifen-Loaded Transethosomal Gels: A Promising Transdermal System with Cytotoxicity and Stability Validation","display_name":"Design-Expert\u00ae Optimization of Tamoxifen-Loaded Transethosomal Gels: A Promising Transdermal System with Cytotoxicity and Stability Validation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202201611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42654109","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13517008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30283931","display_name":"Pharmaceutics","issn_l":"1999-4923","issn":["1999-4923"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009677306","display_name":"Reem Abou Assi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-6034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-6034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reem Abou Assi","raw_affiliation_strings":["EDEN Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Qabas Private College, Mosul 41002, Iraq","International Advisory Board, Rhein-Main Universities Alliance, 60629 Frankfurt am Main, Germany","Thoughts Formulation Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EDEN Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Qabas Private College, Mosul 41002, Iraq","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Advisory Board, Rhein-Main Universities Alliance, 60629 Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thoughts Formulation Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032567814","display_name":"Ahmed Bassam Farhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2658-9843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2658-9843","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8413-9883"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Bassam Farhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Baghdad University, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2658-9843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Baghdad University, Baghdad 10071, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136854219","display_name":"Karam Abdullah Darweesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4283-7154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4283-7154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113643904","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karam Abdullah Darweesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq","Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4283-7154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109486160","display_name":"Amira H. Hassan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113643904","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amira H. Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027988232","display_name":"Siok Yee Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-5710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-5710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siok Yee Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thoughts Formulation Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-5710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thoughts Formulation Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027988232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":2.9067,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83181855,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"8","first_page":"992","last_page":"992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10256","display_name":"Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamoxifen","display_name":"tamoxifen","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transethosomes","display_name":"transethosomes","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transdermal-drug-delivery","display_name":"transdermal drug delivery","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transdermal-gel","display_name":"transdermal gel","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/span-20","display_name":"Span 20","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonionic-surfactants","display_name":"nonionic surfactants","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hpmc-gel","display_name":"HPMC gel","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-penetration","display_name":"skin penetration","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mcf-7-cells","display_name":"MCF-7 cells","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formulation-stability","display_name":"formulation stability","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.8450000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205679159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3375179","display_name":"Transdermal","level":2,"score":0.9483000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.5914999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.5898000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5268999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26291073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310484","display_name":"Ex vivo","level":3,"score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145270","display_name":"Transdermal patch","level":3,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777176818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412178","display_name":"Tamoxifen","level":4,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777056448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285166","display_name":"Oral administration","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201253974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330121","display_name":"First pass effect","level":3,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169222746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116558","display_name":"Factorial experiment","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988516024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441195","display_name":"Life span","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163588942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165929","display_name":"Controlled release","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3454156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144241","display_name":"Side effect (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30283931","display_name":"Pharmaceutics","issn_l":"1999-4923","issn":["1999-4923"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13517008","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13517008/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13517008/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42654109","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42654109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ed82c62c02840ca89dd90dd4d4d10eb","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ed82c62c02840ca89dd90dd4d4d10eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics, Vol 18, Iss 8, p 992 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18080992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30283931","display_name":"Pharmaceutics","issn_l":"1999-4923","issn":["1999-4923"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmaceutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202201611.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202201611.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1844725082","https://openalex.org/W1965758660","https://openalex.org/W1971114435","https://openalex.org/W1981051997","https://openalex.org/W1983136167","https://openalex.org/W1992862772","https://openalex.org/W2017288717","https://openalex.org/W2018598979","https://openalex.org/W2033026349","https://openalex.org/W2052143686","https://openalex.org/W2054458894","https://openalex.org/W2065098180","https://openalex.org/W2074832039","https://openalex.org/W2087702199","https://openalex.org/W2106101402","https://openalex.org/W2127884387","https://openalex.org/W2127901289","https://openalex.org/W2137480785","https://openalex.org/W2167370848","https://openalex.org/W2276151070","https://openalex.org/W2408008959","https://openalex.org/W2571192017","https://openalex.org/W2611818005","https://openalex.org/W2753400916","https://openalex.org/W2782690276","https://openalex.org/W2789686160","https://openalex.org/W2795797914","https://openalex.org/W2804846127","https://openalex.org/W2895934010","https://openalex.org/W2907787259","https://openalex.org/W2912619305","https://openalex.org/W2912891316","https://openalex.org/W2913826149","https://openalex.org/W2927059251","https://openalex.org/W2948372606","https://openalex.org/W2948696984","https://openalex.org/W2962796853","https://openalex.org/W2963540640","https://openalex.org/W2989785618","https://openalex.org/W3000668256","https://openalex.org/W3004508388","https://openalex.org/W3006815835","https://openalex.org/W3014844306","https://openalex.org/W3033913264","https://openalex.org/W3064150558","https://openalex.org/W3080613771","https://openalex.org/W3093823740","https://openalex.org/W3155724251","https://openalex.org/W3165800184","https://openalex.org/W3175669929","https://openalex.org/W3185205205","https://openalex.org/W3189218263","https://openalex.org/W3209431523","https://openalex.org/W3215189254","https://openalex.org/W3215417848","https://openalex.org/W3216865193","https://openalex.org/W4200523325","https://openalex.org/W4210514173","https://openalex.org/W4213201940","https://openalex.org/W4251034687","https://openalex.org/W4280598598","https://openalex.org/W4293769852","https://openalex.org/W4295332861","https://openalex.org/W4312527510","https://openalex.org/W4315782111","https://openalex.org/W4318572592","https://openalex.org/W4324139121","https://openalex.org/W4364376963","https://openalex.org/W4385076216","https://openalex.org/W4386812556","https://openalex.org/W4386840058","https://openalex.org/W4386996041","https://openalex.org/W4388282482","https://openalex.org/W4390886321","https://openalex.org/W4391824954","https://openalex.org/W4396839688","https://openalex.org/W4399880917","https://openalex.org/W4402242369","https://openalex.org/W4404634917","https://openalex.org/W4405558492","https://openalex.org/W4405980523","https://openalex.org/W4406487321","https://openalex.org/W4406501895","https://openalex.org/W4407583296","https://openalex.org/W4407773486","https://openalex.org/W4408878098","https://openalex.org/W4408946869","https://openalex.org/W4413295407","https://openalex.org/W4415447459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408946869","https://openalex.org/W7220294766","https://openalex.org/W4322582895","https://openalex.org/W6991219567","https://openalex.org/W2948955040","https://openalex.org/W4386840058","https://openalex.org/W1981051997","https://openalex.org/W7164147189","https://openalex.org/W7219141122","https://openalex.org/W2175851332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"evaluates":[3],"transdermal":[4,54,116,199,226],"delivery":[5,201],"of":[6,16,27,173],"tamoxifen":[7,200],"(TXN)":[8],"as":[9,197,223],"an":[10,170],"alternative":[11,227],"to":[12,228],"the":[13,24,124,139,146],"oral":[14,229],"route":[15],"administration":[17],"in":[18,30],"treating":[19],"breast":[20],"cancer,":[21],"which":[22],"is":[23,39],"leading":[25],"cause":[26],"cancer-related":[28],"death":[29],"women":[31],"globally.":[32],"Oral":[33],"TXN,":[34],"a":[35,133,224],"Class":[36],"II":[37],"drug,":[38],"associated":[40],"with":[41,67,138,145,169],"first-pass":[42],"metabolism":[43],"and":[44,76,88,101,105],"serious":[45],"side":[46],"effects,":[47],"including":[48,71],"secondary":[49],"cancers.":[50],"Objectives:":[51],"To":[52],"enhance":[53],"delivery,":[55],"lipid-based":[56],"transethosomes":[57],"(TRS)":[58],"were":[59,83,107,113,183],"formulated":[60],"using":[61],"three":[62],"different":[63],"24":[64],"factorial":[65],"designs":[66],"various":[68],"non-ionic":[69],"surfactants,":[70],"Tween":[72],"20\u00ae,":[73,75],"Span":[74,77,119,204],"80\u00ae.":[78],"Methods:":[79],"Optimized":[80],"TRS":[81,121],"formulations":[82,182],"incorporated":[84],"into":[85],"HPMC-based":[86],"gels":[87,112],"characterized":[89],"for":[90,115],"morphology,":[91],"drug":[92],"content,":[93],"pH,":[94],"viscosity,":[95],"spreadability,":[96],"ex":[97],"vivo":[98],"skin":[99,126,211],"penetration,":[100],"deposition.":[102],"Additionally,":[103],"cytotoxicity":[104],"stability":[106],"assessed.":[108],"Results:":[109],"All":[110],"TXN-TRS":[111],"suitable":[114],"use;":[117],"however,":[118],"20\u00ae-based":[120,205],"gel":[122,208],"demonstrated":[123],"highest":[125],"penetration":[127,148,212],"(40.3":[128],"\u00b1":[129,160,175],"1.5":[130],"\u00b5g/cm2),":[131],"representing":[132],"127-fold":[134],"enhancement":[135],"rate":[136],"compared":[137],"non-ethosomal":[140],"TXN":[141,206],"gel.":[142],"In":[143],"line":[144],"enhanced":[147,210],"profile,":[149],"cellular":[150],"studies":[151],"on":[152],"MCF-7":[153],"cells":[154],"showed":[155,180],"concentration-dependent":[156],"cytotoxicity,":[157],"reaching":[158],"91.24":[159],"1.01%":[161],"inhibition":[162],"at":[163,189],"2%":[164],"w/w":[165],"after":[166],"72":[167],"h,":[168],"IC50":[171],"value":[172],"0.85":[174],"0.02%":[176],"w/w.":[177],"Stability":[178],"testing":[179],"all":[181],"more":[184],"stable":[185],"under":[186],"refrigeration":[187],"than":[188],"dry":[190],"room":[191],"temperature":[192],"storage,":[193],"supporting":[194,218],"their":[195],"potential":[196],"preclinical":[198,221],"platforms.":[202],"Conclusions:":[203],"transethosomal":[207],"markedly":[209],"while":[213],"maintaining":[214],"potent":[215],"cytotoxic":[216],"activity,":[217],"its":[219],"further":[220],"evaluation":[222],"promising":[225],"tamoxifen.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-08-12T00:00:00"}
