{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202184248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392","title":"Balancing urbanization, climate change, and biodiversity conservation with nature-based solutions: A case study of Hong Kong","display_name":"Balancing urbanization, climate change, and biodiversity conservation with nature-based solutions: A case study of Hong Kong","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202184248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80485027","display_name":"Land Use Policy","issn_l":"0264-8377","issn":["0264-8377","1873-5754"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land Use Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065204099","display_name":"Ashley H. Y. Bang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0472-6437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0472-6437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashley H.Y. Bang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Biology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3EL, United Kingdom","Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0472-6437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Biology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3EL, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075616347","display_name":"Anna Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1743-2814","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1743-2814"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1743-2814","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073051309","display_name":"Eleanor Jane Milner\u2010Gulland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-2710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-2710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.J. Milner-Gulland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Biology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3EL, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Biology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3EL, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065204099"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":3830,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3830},"apc_paid":{"value":3830,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3830},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47513398,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"173","issue":null,"first_page":"108392","last_page":"108392"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13438","display_name":"Environmental Conservation and Management","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10779","display_name":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-based-solutions","display_name":"nature-based solutions","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-mitigation","display_name":"climate change mitigation","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity-conservation","display_name":"biodiversity conservation","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-change-scenarios","display_name":"land use change scenarios","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-carbon-storage","display_name":"urban carbon storage","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-risk","display_name":"climate risk","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coastal-flood-risk","display_name":"coastal flood risk","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"urban expansion","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hong-kong","display_name":"Hong Kong","score":0.7699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.6694999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.6051999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.5012999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4271000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780057273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427027","display_name":"Green infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777399953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155658","display_name":"Deforestation (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509746633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898653","display_name":"Climate change mitigation","level":3,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158049464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1075337","display_name":"Urban climate","level":3,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106306483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183984","display_name":"Futures contract","level":2,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780210451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433166","display_name":"Climate risk","level":3,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166566181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8065","display_name":"Natural disaster","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777420705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5460072","display_name":"Flood mitigation","level":3,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21435255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5636875","display_name":"Habitability","level":3,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779507241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072637","display_name":"Climate resilience","level":3,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205537798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Extreme weather","level":3,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189123395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7210295","display_name":"Political economy of climate change","level":3,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39410599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433179","display_name":"Natural hazard","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80485027","display_name":"Land Use Policy","issn_l":"0264-8377","issn":["0264-8377","1873-5754"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land Use Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/us3fr_v2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/us3fr_v2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/us3fr_v2","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80485027","display_name":"Land Use Policy","issn_l":"0264-8377","issn":["0264-8377","1873-5754"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land Use Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.9599999785423279,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2758873876","display_name":"School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311993","display_name":"St. Edmund Hall, University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48355205","https://openalex.org/W1489794332","https://openalex.org/W1856620237","https://openalex.org/W1953785490","https://openalex.org/W1975106568","https://openalex.org/W1983199217","https://openalex.org/W1990042340","https://openalex.org/W1990464670","https://openalex.org/W1997695217","https://openalex.org/W2005473657","https://openalex.org/W2014213226","https://openalex.org/W2017381592","https://openalex.org/W2023006777","https://openalex.org/W2024375215","https://openalex.org/W2056471298","https://openalex.org/W2078744100","https://openalex.org/W2091763379","https://openalex.org/W2099526933","https://openalex.org/W2104736666","https://openalex.org/W2108250337","https://openalex.org/W2123222193","https://openalex.org/W2128752713","https://openalex.org/W2131407644","https://openalex.org/W2137046486","https://openalex.org/W2161334237","https://openalex.org/W2178030189","https://openalex.org/W2465513310","https://openalex.org/W2561789819","https://openalex.org/W2564777338","https://openalex.org/W2742045889","https://openalex.org/W2756673974","https://openalex.org/W2766425699","https://openalex.org/W2766457534","https://openalex.org/W2783092628","https://openalex.org/W2800299140","https://openalex.org/W2896258565","https://openalex.org/W2897039993","https://openalex.org/W2901981970","https://openalex.org/W2912777564","https://openalex.org/W2940299057","https://openalex.org/W2962892816","https://openalex.org/W2990323597","https://openalex.org/W2990373193","https://openalex.org/W2996793594","https://openalex.org/W3005385417","https://openalex.org/W3006219248","https://openalex.org/W3035886380","https://openalex.org/W3085006993","https://openalex.org/W3118608540","https://openalex.org/W3120647071","https://openalex.org/W3134421572","https://openalex.org/W3135492224","https://openalex.org/W3195183389","https://openalex.org/W3202976136","https://openalex.org/W3217158428","https://openalex.org/W4200106349","https://openalex.org/W4200223078","https://openalex.org/W4225159521","https://openalex.org/W4284695656","https://openalex.org/W4285821238","https://openalex.org/W4304083152","https://openalex.org/W4353110745","https://openalex.org/W4376608811","https://openalex.org/W4380362703","https://openalex.org/W4382752428","https://openalex.org/W4396921887","https://openalex.org/W4401224342","https://openalex.org/W6893514965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404092717","https://openalex.org/W4318486493","https://openalex.org/W4401454567","https://openalex.org/W4403213854","https://openalex.org/W4200152867","https://openalex.org/W7123859507","https://openalex.org/W4205091813","https://openalex.org/W7164828082","https://openalex.org/W7160154141","https://openalex.org/W4408155945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"areas":[1,118,144,172,217],"face":[2],"challenges":[3],"in":[4,112,145,170,211],"jointly":[5],"addressing":[6],"the":[7,16,25,89,109,138],"global":[8],"climate":[9,95,113,202],"change":[10,102],"and":[11,33,55,64,68,78,94,161,203,214],"nature":[12,182,204],"loss":[13],"crises":[14],"amidst":[15],"pursuit":[17],"of":[18,140],"socioeconomic":[19],"development":[20,131],"agendas.":[21],"These":[22],"trade-offs":[23,97],"prompt":[24],"need":[26],"to":[27,62,74,173,200],"explore":[28],"solutions":[29,41],"for":[30,52,104,181,197],"sustainable":[31],"environmental":[32],"societal":[34],"futures":[35],"that":[36,47,133],"balance":[37],"diverse":[38],"priorities.":[39],"Nature-based":[40],"(NbS)":[42],"are":[43,119,148,153],"one":[44],"such":[45,66],"approach":[46],"can":[48,166],"provide":[49],"synergistic":[50],"benefits":[51,67,115,152],"climate,":[53],"nature,":[54],"society.":[56],"This":[57],"study":[58],"employs":[59],"geospatial":[60],"approaches":[61],"mapping":[63],"identifying":[65],"trade-offs,":[69],"serving":[70],"as":[71,83],"a":[72,84],"foundation":[73,196],"guide":[75],"further":[76,168],"assessment":[77],"planning.":[79],"Using":[80],"Hong":[81,146,212],"Kong":[82,147,213],"case":[85],"study,":[86],"we":[87],"model":[88],"carbon":[90,176],"storage,":[91],"road-based":[92],"disturbance,":[93],"risk":[96],"under":[98,128],"five":[99],"land":[100],"use":[101],"scenarios":[103],"2030.":[105],"The":[106,191],"results":[107,192],"demonstrate":[108],"stark":[110],"losses":[111,127],"mitigation":[114],"when":[116],"urban":[117,216],"expanded":[120],"at":[121],"extreme":[122],"scales,":[123],"but":[124],"only":[125],"moderate":[126],"current":[129],"planned":[130],"schemes":[132],"may":[134],"be":[135,167],"mitigated":[136],"by":[137],"implementation":[139],"NbS.":[141],"Several":[142],"key":[143],"identified":[149],"where":[150],"these":[151],"maximised,":[154],"namely":[155],"Mai":[156],"Po,":[157],"Chek":[158],"Lap":[159],"Kok,":[160],"Sai":[162],"Kung.":[163],"NbS":[164,199],"opportunities":[165],"explored":[169],"those":[171],"enhance":[174],"natural":[175],"stores,":[177],"reshape":[178],"built":[179],"infrastructure":[180],"connectivity,":[183],"mitigate":[184],"coastal":[185],"flood":[186],"risks,":[187],"among":[188],"other":[189,215],"benefits.":[190],"provides":[193],"an":[194],"evidence":[195],"implementing":[198],"bridge":[201],"policy":[205],"agendas":[206],"with":[207],"competing":[208],"urbanisation":[209],"priorities":[210],"globally.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-12T00:00:00"}
