{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202127367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cph4.70241","title":"The Neuro\u2010Pancreatic Axis in Metabolic Disease: A Review of Neuro\u2010Immune Interfaces and Translational Challenges","display_name":"The Neuro\u2010Pancreatic Axis in Metabolic Disease: A Review of Neuro\u2010Immune Interfaces and Translational Challenges","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202127367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cph4.70241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cph4.70241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cph4.70241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cph4.70241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18747983","display_name":"Comprehensive physiology","issn_l":"2040-4603","issn":["2040-4603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comprehensive Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127919520","display_name":"Thanh Tuan Vu Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3726-972X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3726-972X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanh Tuan Vu Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3726-972X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146319470","display_name":"Tianhao Gao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhao Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146331008","display_name":"Xinhui Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3266-9051","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3266-9051"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhui Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3266-9051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111891832","display_name":"Quyen Minh Le","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quyen Minh Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110516930","display_name":"Mengmeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-875X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-875X","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8806-3427"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengmeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8806-3427","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138319174","display_name":"Xiaokai Wei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokai Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415398","display_name":"Mengyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0039-6661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0039-6661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0039-6661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Acupuncture and Massage Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035585197","display_name":"Lin Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5948-2249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5948-2249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5948-2249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086950218","display_name":"Mengmeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-7437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-7437","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0237-3076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengmeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-7437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100678406","display_name":"Min He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-7872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-7872"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-7872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146291269","display_name":"Hongfeng Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun Jilin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12580","display_name":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomic-dysfunction","display_name":"autonomic dysfunction","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-cell-exhaustion","display_name":"beta-cell exhaustion","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-gluconeogenesis","display_name":"hepatic gluconeogenesis","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schwann-cells","display_name":"Schwann cells","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-insulin-resistance","display_name":"central insulin resistance","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothalamus","display_name":"hypothalamus","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islet-organoids","display_name":"islet organoids","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinergic-innervation","display_name":"cholinergic innervation","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peptidergic-innervation","display_name":"peptidergic innervation","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glp-1-receptor-agonists","display_name":"GLP-1 receptor agonists","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioelectronic-devices","display_name":"bioelectronic devices","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromodulation","display_name":"neuromodulation","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurometabolic-therapy","display_name":"neurometabolic therapy","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-differences","display_name":"species differences","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165220095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207524","display_name":"Islet","level":3,"score":0.5388000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5105000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777372248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171064","display_name":"Autonomic nervous system","level":4,"score":0.49880000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22885893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862743","display_name":"Cholinergic","level":2,"score":0.4839000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.45019999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46699223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078","display_name":"Endocrine system","level":3,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778764654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9618","display_name":"Pancreas","level":2,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776533406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187215","display_name":"Sympathetic nervous system","level":3,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777439022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586582","display_name":"Enteric nervous system","level":2,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780761756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185589","display_name":"Parasympathetic nervous system","level":5,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7876069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14873666","display_name":"Paracrine signalling","level":3,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87753298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157137","display_name":"Neuroinflammation","level":3,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104966671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167532","display_name":"Cholinergic neuron","level":3,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779855799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728309","display_name":"Pancreatic islets","level":4,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194520","display_name":"Atrophy","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118303440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419968","display_name":"Neuropeptide","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777597313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934888","display_name":"Adrenal medulla","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777603835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22679857","display_name":"Neurturin","level":5,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545706735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9404","display_name":"Nervous system","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778013207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1961243","display_name":"NOD mice","level":4,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778366672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5957687","display_name":"Hyperactivation","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cph4.70241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cph4.70241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cph4.70241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18747983","display_name":"Comprehensive physiology","issn_l":"2040-4603","issn":["2040-4603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comprehensive Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2072157418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T2341021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574602595","https://openalex.org/W2014156217","https://openalex.org/W2026444172","https://openalex.org/W2107582181","https://openalex.org/W2127238864","https://openalex.org/W2134829538","https://openalex.org/W2158086063","https://openalex.org/W2344940232","https://openalex.org/W2417111500","https://openalex.org/W2417777372","https://openalex.org/W2559583912","https://openalex.org/W2605822877","https://openalex.org/W2617548113","https://openalex.org/W2766900411","https://openalex.org/W2892013369","https://openalex.org/W2895430781","https://openalex.org/W2912837833","https://openalex.org/W2918989749","https://openalex.org/W2958913555","https://openalex.org/W2964363644","https://openalex.org/W2966842086","https://openalex.org/W2968775432","https://openalex.org/W2972536026","https://openalex.org/W2973929952","https://openalex.org/W3005611049","https://openalex.org/W3025085904","https://openalex.org/W3034286289","https://openalex.org/W3088484110","https://openalex.org/W3097731022","https://openalex.org/W3110541139","https://openalex.org/W3114227177","https://openalex.org/W3117350563","https://openalex.org/W3118786201","https://openalex.org/W3133445486","https://openalex.org/W3141157658","https://openalex.org/W3159365823","https://openalex.org/W3171488397","https://openalex.org/W3198875687","https://openalex.org/W4200225671","https://openalex.org/W4200543534","https://openalex.org/W4205838912","https://openalex.org/W4210452757","https://openalex.org/W4220765530","https://openalex.org/W4220912177","https://openalex.org/W4220914879","https://openalex.org/W4280498386","https://openalex.org/W4287877231","https://openalex.org/W4293686422","https://openalex.org/W4295465204","https://openalex.org/W4306931597","https://openalex.org/W4308154128","https://openalex.org/W4308902683","https://openalex.org/W4321227904","https://openalex.org/W4362460382","https://openalex.org/W4380989752","https://openalex.org/W4385285588","https://openalex.org/W4386779055","https://openalex.org/W4388465267","https://openalex.org/W4390943096","https://openalex.org/W4392710245","https://openalex.org/W4392815746","https://openalex.org/W4395451638","https://openalex.org/W4396736577","https://openalex.org/W4400243741","https://openalex.org/W4400806470","https://openalex.org/W4402620314","https://openalex.org/W4402750187","https://openalex.org/W4408961108","https://openalex.org/W4409418554","https://openalex.org/W4409527063","https://openalex.org/W4409781726","https://openalex.org/W4411182410","https://openalex.org/W4411635120","https://openalex.org/W4411662735","https://openalex.org/W4412399243","https://openalex.org/W4412478816","https://openalex.org/W4413218534","https://openalex.org/W4414376135","https://openalex.org/W4415118901","https://openalex.org/W4415556625","https://openalex.org/W4415924667","https://openalex.org/W4417502109","https://openalex.org/W7114928637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3192492317","https://openalex.org/W4220765530","https://openalex.org/W2037786175","https://openalex.org/W4414112247","https://openalex.org/W4205803079","https://openalex.org/W2062231784","https://openalex.org/W1988357092","https://openalex.org/W4318021313","https://openalex.org/W2147571338","https://openalex.org/W2137972063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,15,62],"idea":[2],"of":[3,11,149,163,229],"standard":[4],"glucose":[5],"regulation":[6],"emphasizes":[7,210],"the":[8,12,19,106,142,147,160,195,199,211,225,235],"feedback":[9],"mechanisms":[10],"Langerhans":[13],"islets.":[14],"neuro\u2010pancreatic":[16,236],"axis,":[17],"comprising":[18],"central":[20,126],"nervous":[21,200],"system,":[22],"autonomic":[23,54,130],"networks,":[24],"and":[25,41,49,60,85,102,109,118,129,146,202,224,238],"intrapancreatic":[26,103],"ganglia,":[27],"serves":[28],"as":[29,34,125,172],"a":[30,66,74],"crucial":[31,192],"regulatory":[32],"element,":[33],"evidenced":[35],"by":[36,70,78,141],"increasing":[37],"data.":[38],"In":[39],"metabolic":[40],"neurodegenerative":[42],"disorders,":[43],"neuro\u2010immune\u2010endocrine":[44],"connections":[45],"diminish.":[46],"Excessive":[47],"nutrition":[48],"hypothalamic":[50],"neuroinflammation":[51],"may":[52,233],"induce":[53],"dysfunction":[55,63],"in":[56,82,152,168,178,205],"type":[57],"2":[58],"diabetes":[59,91,206],"obesity.":[61],"progresses":[64],"from":[65,214],"compensatory":[67],"phase":[68],"characterized":[69],"parasympathetic":[71],"hyperactivation":[72],"to":[73,114,156,185,216],"decompensated":[75],"state":[76],"dominated":[77],"sympathetic":[79],"activity,":[80],"resulting":[81],"\u03b2\u2010cell":[83,115],"exhaustion":[84],"persistent":[86],"hepatic":[87],"gluconeogenesis.":[88],"Type":[89],"1":[90],"initiates":[92],"with":[93,123],"an":[94],"early":[95],"autoimmune":[96],"assault":[97],"on":[98],"peri\u2010islet":[99],"Schwann":[100],"cells":[101],"nerves,":[104],"disrupting":[105],"neuro\u2010glial":[107],"barrier":[108],"permitting":[110],"leukocyte":[111],"infiltration":[112],"prior":[113],"demise.":[116],"Alzheimer's":[117],"Parkinson's":[119],"have":[120],"pathophysiological":[121],"similarities":[122],"diabetes,":[124],"insulin":[127],"resistance":[128],"neuronal":[131,180],"atrophy":[132],"directly":[133],"impair":[134],"islet":[135,174],"secretory":[136],"function.":[137,242],"Interspecies":[138],"differences,":[139],"exemplified":[140],"diminished":[143],"cholinergic":[144],"innervation":[145,151],"predominance":[148],"peptidergic":[150],"human":[153,173],"islets":[154],"relative":[155],"rat":[157],"models,":[158],"impede":[159],"practical":[161],"implementation":[162],"these":[164],"molecular":[165],"discoveries.":[166],"Contemporary":[167],"vitro":[169],"technologies,":[170],"such":[171],"organoids,":[175],"are":[176],"deficient":[177],"spatial":[179],"integration,":[181],"hindering":[182],"their":[183],"ability":[184],"effectively":[186],"replicate":[187],"neuroendocrine":[188],"interactions,":[189],"which":[190],"is":[191],"for":[193],"understanding":[194],"complex":[196],"interplay":[197],"between":[198],"system":[201],"pancreatic":[203],"function":[204],"research.":[207],"This":[208],"review":[209],"imperative":[212],"transition":[213],"glucocentric":[215],"neurometabolic":[217],"restorative":[218],"therapy.":[219],"Targeted":[220],"neuromodulation,":[221],"bioelectronic":[222],"devices,":[223],"simultaneous":[226],"hormonal\u2010neuromodulatory":[227],"effects":[228],"GLP\u20101":[230],"receptor":[231],"agonists":[232],"stabilize":[234],"axis":[237],"maintain":[239],"integrated":[240],"endocrine":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-11T00:00:00"}
