{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202096076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724","title":"From Indigenous Justice to Colonial Confinement: The Evolution of the Prison System in Kenya Up to 1915","display_name":"From Indigenous Justice to Colonial Confinement: The Evolution of the Prison System in Kenya Up to 1915","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202096076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179154","display_name":"Journal of Humanities and Social sciences","issn_l":"2663-8525","issn":["2663-8525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Editon Consortium Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144404940","display_name":"Sarah Kiptala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2909-9558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2909-9558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147168166","display_name":"Moi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p6eac84","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147168166"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Kiptala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moi University, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2909-9558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moi University, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147168166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006945791","display_name":"Diperus Wafula Wanyonyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-7968","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-7968"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147168166","display_name":"Moi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p6eac84","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147168166"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diperus Wafula Wanyonyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moi University, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-7968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moi University, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147168166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093924414","display_name":"Kiptoch William Ndiema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6811-0206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6811-0206"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131121749","display_name":"Kabarak University","ror":"https://ror.org/009b5t134","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131121749"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Ndiema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kabarak university, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6811-0206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kabarak university, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131121749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.06610000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13739","display_name":"Medieval and Early Modern Justice","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prison-history","display_name":"prison history","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonialism","display_name":"colonialism","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-justice","display_name":"indigenous justice","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restorative-justice","display_name":"restorative justice","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-penal-system","display_name":"colonial penal system","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-east-africa","display_name":"British East Africa","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kamba","display_name":"Kamba","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kikuyu","display_name":"Kikuyu","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meru","display_name":"Meru","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communal-law","display_name":"communal law","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminalization","display_name":"criminalization","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-colonial-rule","display_name":"British colonial rule","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.6629999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.8730999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187651312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114","display_name":"Kenya","level":2,"score":0.6464999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.5888000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83645499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285466","display_name":"Punitive damages","level":2,"score":0.43560001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776515129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306218","display_name":"Redress","level":2,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777830688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164142","display_name":"Protectorate","level":3,"score":0.3855000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841236","display_name":"Imprisonment","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777266375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770480","display_name":"Injustice","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135544838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230533","display_name":"Decolonization","level":3,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779101304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661443","display_name":"Indirect rule","level":3,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781330901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165392","display_name":"Restorative justice","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179154","display_name":"Journal of Humanities and Social sciences","issn_l":"2663-8525","issn":["2663-8525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Editon Consortium Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v8i1.724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179154","display_name":"Journal of Humanities and Social sciences","issn_l":"2663-8525","issn":["2663-8525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Editon Consortium Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220343393","https://openalex.org/W91073206","https://openalex.org/W7024014098","https://openalex.org/W6968650914","https://openalex.org/W7008777562","https://openalex.org/W151777273","https://openalex.org/W2608114098","https://openalex.org/W3083905131","https://openalex.org/W3026232911","https://openalex.org/W7026876981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,114,141],"aim":[1],"of":[2,10,68,83,116,184,194,224],"this":[3,130,218],"study":[4,142],"was":[5],"to":[6,18,22,103],"explore":[7],"the":[8,30,66,73,81,84,90,144,151,181,211,222],"history":[9],"prison":[11],"administration":[12,92],"in":[13,41,72,88,129,227,232],"Kenya,":[14],"from":[15,201],"indigenous":[16,94,195],"justice":[17,39,247],"colonial":[19,25,70,91,108,139,153,188],"confinement,":[20],"up":[21],"1915.":[23],"Before":[24],"rule,":[26,239],"Kenyan":[27],"communities,":[28],"including":[29],"Kamba,":[31],"Kikuyu,":[32],"and":[33,37,43,51,76,96,110,150,174,214,235,240],"Meru,":[34],"practised":[35],"restorative":[36,148],"reconciliatory":[38],"rooted":[40],"tradition":[42],"communal":[44,168],"accountability,":[45],"resolving":[46],"crime":[47],"through":[48],"compensation,":[49],"mediation,":[50],"social":[52,175,196],"sanctions":[53],"aimed":[54],"at":[55],"restoring":[56],"peace":[57],"rather":[58],"than":[59],"punishing":[60],"offenders.":[61],"This":[62],"changed":[63],"dramatically":[64],"with":[65],"establishment":[67],"British":[69,157,238],"rule":[71],"late":[74],"nineteenth":[75],"early":[77,215],"twentieth":[78],"centuries.":[79],"Following":[80],"creation":[82],"East":[85],"Africa":[86],"Protectorate":[87],"1895,":[89],"disrupted":[93],"systems":[95],"introduced":[97],"a":[98,126,191],"formal":[99,225],"penal":[100],"structure":[101],"designed":[102],"control":[104],"African":[105,246],"populations,":[106],"enforce":[107],"authority,":[109],"generate":[111],"cheap":[112],"labour.":[113],"construction":[115],"Kenya's":[117],"first":[118],"prison,":[119],"later":[120],"known":[121],"as":[122,165],"Fort":[123],"Jesus,":[124],"marked":[125],"significant":[127],"milestone":[128],"transformation,":[131],"offering":[132],"correctional":[133],"facilities":[134],"for":[135],"those":[136],"who":[137],"violated":[138],"law.":[140],"examines":[143],"contrast":[145],"between":[146],"pre-colonial":[147],"practices":[149],"punitive":[152],"system,":[154],"arguing":[155],"that":[156,180],"legal":[158],"frameworks":[159],"criminalised":[160],"behaviours":[161],"not":[162],"previously":[163],"recognised":[164],"offences":[166],"under":[167,186,237],"law,":[169,234],"thereby":[170],"undermining":[171],"traditional":[172],"authority":[173],"cohesion.":[176],"It":[177],"further":[178],"contends":[179],"extensive":[182],"incarceration":[183,226],"Africans":[185],"biased":[187],"statutes":[189],"represented":[190],"fundamental":[192],"breach":[193],"contracts,":[197],"shifting":[198],"power":[199],"away":[200],"community-based":[202],"reconciliation":[203],"toward":[204],"coercive":[205],"imprisonment.":[206],"By":[207],"analysing":[208],"developments":[209],"across":[210],"pre-colonial,":[212],"colonial,":[213],"post-colonial":[216],"periods,":[217],"research":[219],"highlights":[220],"how":[221],"emergence":[223],"Kenya":[228],"reflected":[229],"broader":[230],"transformations":[231],"governance,":[233],"society":[236],"underscores":[241],"its":[242],"lasting":[243],"impact":[244],"on":[245],"systems.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-10T00:00:00"}
