{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202091390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v16n4p30","title":"Transformational Leadership, Work Environment and Internal Marketing Enhance Organizational Effectiveness","display_name":"Transformational Leadership, Work Environment and Internal Marketing Enhance Organizational Effectiveness","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202091390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v16n4p30"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/hes.v16n4p30","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v16n4p30","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v16n4p30","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/hes/article/download/0/0/53617/58513","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764933180","display_name":"Higher Education Studies","issn_l":"1925-4741","issn":["1925-4741","1925-475X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Higher Education Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/hes/article/download/0/0/53617/58513","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159784682","display_name":"Zexiang Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130811","display_name":"Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok","ror":"https://ror.org/03cvxzw02","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10245363","https://openalex.org/I4210130811"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zexiang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chakrabongse Bhuvanarth International College for Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS) , Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chakrabongse Bhuvanarth International College for Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS) , Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130811"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030201835","display_name":"Khunanan Sukpasjaroen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6365-0607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6365-0607"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khunanan Sukpasjaroen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118818068","display_name":"Aroonroj Boonkrong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9684-5400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9684-5400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130811","display_name":"Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok","ror":"https://ror.org/03cvxzw02","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10245363","https://openalex.org/I4210130811"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aroonroj Boonkrong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chakrabongse Bhuvanarth International College for Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS) , Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chakrabongse Bhuvanarth International College for Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS) , Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130811"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"30","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.41429999470710754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.41429999470710754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.2583000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.12600000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformational-leadership","display_name":"transformational leadership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-environment","display_name":"work environment","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-marketing","display_name":"internal marketing","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-effectiveness","display_name":"organizational effectiveness","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education-governance","display_name":"higher education governance","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonprofit-organizations","display_name":"nonprofit organizations","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-higher-education-institutions","display_name":"Chinese higher education institutions","score":0.7490000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.7215999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82793941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046024","display_name":"Path analysis (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5153999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83030740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267236","display_name":"Organizational commitment","level":2,"score":0.51419997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.48559999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192975520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143466","display_name":"Marketing management","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169735623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430172","display_name":"Organizational learning","level":2,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48891531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141436","display_name":"Marketing research","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165672731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047583","display_name":"Organizational performance","level":2,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53941439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268931","display_name":"Quantitative marketing research","level":4,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108363010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7102014","display_name":"Organizational effectiveness","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68001002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7102009","display_name":"Organizational behavior and human resources","level":3,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54649085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574424","display_name":"Relationship marketing","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779719641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034631","display_name":"Work motivation","level":3,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992103800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q792530","display_name":"Internal marketing","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155109394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2029930","display_name":"Organizational studies","level":3,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200645514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7102019","display_name":"Organizational engineering","level":4,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48243021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932522","display_name":"Strategic planning","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5539/hes.v16n4p30","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v16n4p30","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v16n4p30","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/hes/article/download/0/0/53617/58513","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764933180","display_name":"Higher Education Studies","issn_l":"1925-4741","issn":["1925-4741","1925-475X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Higher Education Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/hes.v16n4p30","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v16n4p30","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v16n4p30","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/hes/article/download/0/0/53617/58513","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764933180","display_name":"Higher Education Studies","issn_l":"1925-4741","issn":["1925-4741","1925-475X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Higher Education Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202091390.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7202091390.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127608231","https://openalex.org/W950199991","https://openalex.org/W1515468202","https://openalex.org/W1567193531","https://openalex.org/W2005673510","https://openalex.org/W2010556448","https://openalex.org/W2019270242","https://openalex.org/W2026984136","https://openalex.org/W2038984978","https://openalex.org/W2041204043","https://openalex.org/W2041886080","https://openalex.org/W2046959046","https://openalex.org/W2061558975","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2089861735","https://openalex.org/W2093550656","https://openalex.org/W2100649780","https://openalex.org/W2106116445","https://openalex.org/W2109554297","https://openalex.org/W2117681417","https://openalex.org/W2126506882","https://openalex.org/W2140198967","https://openalex.org/W2162700716","https://openalex.org/W2164406837","https://openalex.org/W2166005416","https://openalex.org/W2316904085","https://openalex.org/W2323709549","https://openalex.org/W2444090936","https://openalex.org/W2510648895","https://openalex.org/W2529116036","https://openalex.org/W2767157376","https://openalex.org/W2884506480","https://openalex.org/W2945097186","https://openalex.org/W2959070482","https://openalex.org/W2981735236","https://openalex.org/W3008590537","https://openalex.org/W3044937435","https://openalex.org/W3111465372","https://openalex.org/W3127684532","https://openalex.org/W4205445214","https://openalex.org/W4210495281","https://openalex.org/W4210520683","https://openalex.org/W4210905402","https://openalex.org/W4213152771","https://openalex.org/W4224255052","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4241552524","https://openalex.org/W4280644335","https://openalex.org/W4281487021","https://openalex.org/W4285127993","https://openalex.org/W4301398640","https://openalex.org/W4319300686","https://openalex.org/W4320917070","https://openalex.org/W4327934390","https://openalex.org/W4366995335","https://openalex.org/W4367180398","https://openalex.org/W4380629854","https://openalex.org/W4381511507","https://openalex.org/W4381659521","https://openalex.org/W4382651513","https://openalex.org/W4385816447","https://openalex.org/W4388524953","https://openalex.org/W4389366219","https://openalex.org/W4390883584","https://openalex.org/W4396771249","https://openalex.org/W4400169136","https://openalex.org/W4402684994","https://openalex.org/W4403627359","https://openalex.org/W4404085880","https://openalex.org/W4404200912","https://openalex.org/W4407189607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405432412","https://openalex.org/W1572097329","https://openalex.org/W7220155901","https://openalex.org/W7137465090","https://openalex.org/W3042137253","https://openalex.org/W6930972232","https://openalex.org/W2345617229","https://openalex.org/W4236425720","https://openalex.org/W2756524424","https://openalex.org/W7164732361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,64,156],"paper":[1],"uses":[2,79],"Chinese":[3],"higher":[4,74,183],"education":[5,75,184],"institutions":[6],"as":[7,146,148],"the":[8,28,46,51,58,67,98,109,150,159,165,179],"research":[9,43],"context,":[10],"constructs":[11],"a":[12,126,137],"theoretical":[13,99,172],"model":[14],"based":[15],"on":[16,116,130],"survey":[17],"data":[18],"from":[19,57],"438":[20],"employees,":[21],"and":[22,36,54,91,108,119,143,153,174],"conducts":[23],"empirical":[24],"testing":[25],"to":[26,96],"explore":[27],"mechanisms":[29],"by":[30],"which":[31],"transformational":[32,49,106,141],"leadership,":[33,50],"work":[34,52,110,151],"environment,":[35,53],"internal":[37,61,71,117,122,134,162],"marketing":[38,62,72,118,123,135,163],"affect":[39],"organizational":[40,55,120,131,144,154],"effectiveness.":[41,132,155],"Current":[42],"rarely":[44],"explains":[45],"relationship":[47],"among":[48],"effectiveness":[56,181],"perspective":[59],"of":[60,70,161,167,182],"mechanisms.":[63],"study":[65,78,157],"reveals":[66],"mediating":[68,138],"path":[69],"in":[73,164],"governance.":[76],"The":[77,101],"descriptive":[80],"statistical":[81],"analysis,":[82],"exploratory":[83],"factor":[84,88],"analysis":[85,89],"(EFA),":[86],"confirmatory":[87],"(CFA),":[90],"structural":[92],"equation":[93],"modelling":[94],"(SEM)":[95],"test":[97],"model.":[100],"results":[102],"show":[103],"that":[104],"both":[105],"leadership":[107,142],"environment":[111,152],"have":[112],"significant":[113,127],"positive":[114,128],"effects":[115],"effectiveness;":[121],"also":[124],"has":[125],"effect":[129],"Furthermore,":[133],"plays":[136],"role":[139],"between":[140,149],"effectiveness,":[145],"well":[147],"expands":[158],"theory":[160],"context":[166],"non-profit":[168],"organizations.":[169],"It":[170],"provides":[171],"support":[173],"management":[175],"guidance":[176],"for":[177],"improving":[178],"governance":[180],"institutions.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-10T00:00:00"}
