{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202078063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16080948","title":"Numerical Simulation and Mechanism of Line Uniformity for Aerosol Jet-Printed Diamond Coatings","display_name":"Numerical Simulation and Mechanism of Line Uniformity for Aerosol Jet-Printed Diamond Coatings","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202078063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16080948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/coatings16080948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16080948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16080948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205742","display_name":"Coatings","issn_l":"2079-6412","issn":["2079-6412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coatings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16080948","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101680759","display_name":"Hao Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3830-7318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3830-7318","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8757-0254"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279993","display_name":"Zhengzhou Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/029dvm564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Zhengzhou Technical College, Zhengzhou 450121, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Zhengzhou Technical College, Zhengzhou 450121, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062538782","display_name":"Qingyu Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-2382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-2382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92092256","display_name":"Huanghe Science and Technology College","ror":"https://ror.org/008p6rr25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92092256"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingyu Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou 450003, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-2382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou 450003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92092256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146974408","display_name":"Xiaofei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4480-2803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4480-2803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92092256","display_name":"Huanghe Science and Technology College","ror":"https://ror.org/008p6rr25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92092256"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou 450003, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4480-2803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou 450003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92092256"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046093364","display_name":"Mohammad Uddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-5594","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-5594"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-5594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062538782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92092256"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"948","last_page":"948"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11382","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11382","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11523","display_name":"Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies","score":0.029100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12350","display_name":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","score":0.024000000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-jet-printing","display_name":"aerosol jet printing","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diamond-films","display_name":"diamond films","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-end-mill","display_name":"micro end mills","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/droplet-deposition","display_name":"droplet deposition","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/droplet-spreading","display_name":"droplet spreading","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/droplet-coalescence","display_name":"droplet coalescence","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jet-velocity","display_name":"jet velocity","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-volume","display_name":"volume of fluid","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-phase-model","display_name":"discrete phase model","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating-deposition-mechanism","display_name":"coating deposition mechanism","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7013000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776921476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283","display_name":"Diamond","level":2,"score":0.6517999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500300565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Computer simulation","level":2,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140496","display_name":"Particle deposition","level":3,"score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57410435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505668","display_name":"Chemical vapor deposition","level":2,"score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119947313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596635","display_name":"Jet (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q950502","display_name":"Nanomanufacturing","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3297076","display_name":"Diamond tool","level":4,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123380192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389419","display_name":"Diamond-like carbon","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51576277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900134","display_name":"Physical vapor deposition","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109386097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053956","display_name":"Bead","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/coatings16080948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16080948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16080948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205742","display_name":"Coatings","issn_l":"2079-6412","issn":["2079-6412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coatings","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/coatings16080948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16080948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16080948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205742","display_name":"Coatings","issn_l":"2079-6412","issn":["2079-6412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coatings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311785","display_name":"Zhengzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv04939"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980855375","https://openalex.org/W2014014764","https://openalex.org/W2020172200","https://openalex.org/W2022286290","https://openalex.org/W2027083359","https://openalex.org/W2083757791","https://openalex.org/W2168272503","https://openalex.org/W2216926584","https://openalex.org/W2282086578","https://openalex.org/W2580963942","https://openalex.org/W2754737312","https://openalex.org/W2944404756","https://openalex.org/W3003997175","https://openalex.org/W3116273806","https://openalex.org/W3168950680","https://openalex.org/W3184355508","https://openalex.org/W3184571572","https://openalex.org/W3187088114","https://openalex.org/W3202665741","https://openalex.org/W4311686009","https://openalex.org/W4366254686","https://openalex.org/W4387431536","https://openalex.org/W4387503445","https://openalex.org/W4390505303","https://openalex.org/W4391198147","https://openalex.org/W4392239208","https://openalex.org/W4392703466","https://openalex.org/W4410242123","https://openalex.org/W4411411021","https://openalex.org/W7118763305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7162025025","https://openalex.org/W4411411021","https://openalex.org/W3013316035","https://openalex.org/W4400200246","https://openalex.org/W4405570860","https://openalex.org/W4406108493","https://openalex.org/W4392239208","https://openalex.org/W7172199553","https://openalex.org/W63881766","https://openalex.org/W2941847057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111,144,179],"large":[1],"aspect":[2],"ratio":[3],"micro":[4,77,239],"end":[5,78,240],"mill":[6],"is":[7,86,104,210],"a":[8,62,95,194,203,225],"critical":[9],"tool":[10,37],"for":[11,68,228],"microstructure":[12],"machining,":[13],"and":[14,21,35,48,54,64,117,130,153,190,216],"its":[15],"performance":[16],"directly":[17],"determines":[18],"processing":[19,177],"quality":[20],"efficiency.":[22],"Diamond":[23],"coatings":[24,75,237],"are":[25,123,156,162,172,219],"commonly":[26],"applied":[27],"to":[28,31,88,125,141,174,233],"cutting":[29],"edges":[30],"enhance":[32],"wear":[33],"resistance":[34],"extend":[36],"life.":[38],"However,":[39],"existing":[40],"coating":[41,90],"techniques":[42],"often":[43],"suffer":[44],"from":[45],"poor":[46],"uniformity":[47,155,209],"inadequate":[49],"consistency,":[50],"limiting":[51],"batch":[52],"production":[53],"process":[55,231],"stability.":[56],"Aerosol":[57],"jet":[58],"printing":[59],"(AJP)":[60],"offers":[61],"cost-effective":[63],"highly":[65],"controllable":[66],"alternative":[67],"the":[69,118,135,213],"efficient,":[70],"large-scale":[71],"deposition":[72,101,140,160,217],"of":[73,83,99,113,138,146],"diamond":[74,131,236],"on":[76,149,238],"mills,":[79],"where":[80],"precise":[81],"control":[82],"line":[84,154],"spacing":[85],"essential":[87],"achieving":[89],"uniformity.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93],"study,":[94],"transient":[96],"numerical":[97],"model":[98,121],"droplet":[100,139],"in":[102],"AJP":[103,230],"developed":[105],"using":[106],"computational":[107],"fluid":[108,114],"dynamics":[109],"(CFD).":[110],"volume":[112],"(VOF)":[115],"method":[116],"discrete":[119],"phase":[120],"(DPM)":[122],"coupled":[124],"track":[126],"liquid\u2013gas":[127],"interface":[128],"deformation":[129],"particle":[132],"motion,":[133],"enabling":[134],"dynamic":[136],"evolution":[137],"be":[142],"captured.":[143],"effects":[145],"inter-droplet":[147],"distance":[148],"deposition,":[150],"spreading,":[151,188],"coalescence,":[152],"systematically":[157],"investigated.":[158],"Droplet":[159],"mechanisms":[161],"analyzed":[163],"under":[164,183],"low-speed":[165,184],"jetting":[166,170],"conditions,":[167],"while":[168],"high-speed":[169,199],"simulations":[171],"conducted":[173],"reflect":[175],"industrial":[176],"scenarios.":[178],"results":[180],"show":[181],"that":[182],"jetting,":[185,200],"droplets":[186,201],"undergo":[187],"contraction,":[189],"rebound,":[191],"eventually":[192],"forming":[193],"uniform":[195],"cap-like":[196],"structure.":[197],"Under":[198],"exhibit":[202],"dispersed":[204],"ring-shaped":[205],"spreading":[206,214],"pattern;":[207],"although":[208],"slightly":[211],"reduced,":[212],"area":[215],"efficiency":[218],"significantly":[220],"increased.":[221],"These":[222],"findings":[223],"provide":[224],"theoretical":[226],"basis":[227],"optimizing":[229],"parameters":[232],"achieve":[234],"high-quality":[235],"mills.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2026-08-10T00:00:00"}