{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202072740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0334744","title":"Resolving layer-specific optical properties with time-shift inversion to mitigate crosstalk in continuous-wave fNIRS optical topography","display_name":"Resolving layer-specific optical properties with time-shift inversion to mitigate crosstalk in continuous-wave fNIRS optical topography","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202072740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0334744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0334744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0334744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0334744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226744","display_name":"APL Photonics","issn_l":"2378-0967","issn":["2378-0967"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"APL Photonics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0334744","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dongyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9128-5747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9128-5747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Tianjin University 1 , Tianjin 300072,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9128-5747","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Tianjin University 1 , Tianjin 300072,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaomeng Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University 2 , Tianjin 300072,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University 2 , Tianjin 300072,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133327387","display_name":"Tong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6831-3920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6831-3920"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University 2 , Tianjin 300072,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6831-3920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University 2 , Tianjin 300072,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Limin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0190-1711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0190-1711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University 2 , Tianjin 300072,","State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University 3 , Tianjin 300072,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0190-1711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University 2 , Tianjin 300072,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University 3 , Tianjin 300072,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651159","display_name":"Feng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-6193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-6193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University 2 , Tianjin 300072,","State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University 3 , Tianjin 300072,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-6193","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University 2 , Tianjin 300072,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University 3 , Tianjin 300072,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"8","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-near-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"functional near-infrared spectroscopy","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crosstalk-reduction","display_name":"crosstalk reduction","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-gated-detection","display_name":"time-gated detection","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-transport-simulation","display_name":"photon transport simulation","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-oxygenation","display_name":"cerebral oxygenation","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breath-holding","display_name":"breath-holding","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5738000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5717999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.5576000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.45570001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169822122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230187","display_name":"Crosstalk","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149550507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899360","display_name":"Diffusion MRI","level":3,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31872934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417028","display_name":"Optical path","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129045301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654","display_name":"Path length","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145417883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275421","display_name":"Diffuse optical imaging","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523889960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160695","display_name":"Torso","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57489055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190046","display_name":"Ellipsoid","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143606050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377019","display_name":"Inverse transform sampling","level":3,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0334744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0334744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0334744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226744","display_name":"APL Photonics","issn_l":"2378-0967","issn":["2378-0967"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"APL Photonics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:efe9d45dc6cf453097b75daf62dca4df","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/efe9d45dc6cf453097b75daf62dca4df","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"APL Photonics, Vol 11, Iss 8, Pp - (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0334744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0334744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0334744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226744","display_name":"APL Photonics","issn_l":"2378-0967","issn":["2378-0967"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"APL Photonics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2900261222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62205239","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8967297943","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62575205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1956491619","https://openalex.org/W1968568195","https://openalex.org/W1991783754","https://openalex.org/W2002365765","https://openalex.org/W2025564775","https://openalex.org/W2027203921","https://openalex.org/W2046129119","https://openalex.org/W2082504982","https://openalex.org/W2097825873","https://openalex.org/W2121307183","https://openalex.org/W2121992182","https://openalex.org/W2126351858","https://openalex.org/W2148450810","https://openalex.org/W2166096994","https://openalex.org/W2168226253","https://openalex.org/W2168963208","https://openalex.org/W2272946068","https://openalex.org/W2766085001","https://openalex.org/W2889994066","https://openalex.org/W2900044984","https://openalex.org/W2945279451","https://openalex.org/W2968011951","https://openalex.org/W2971980557","https://openalex.org/W3090112377","https://openalex.org/W4386737250","https://openalex.org/W4413453691","https://openalex.org/W4416967560","https://openalex.org/W7115948230","https://openalex.org/W7139078845","https://openalex.org/W7160764522"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034083759","https://openalex.org/W7165918317","https://openalex.org/W2968011951","https://openalex.org/W3134132631","https://openalex.org/W4408718786","https://openalex.org/W2081179492","https://openalex.org/W6999372470","https://openalex.org/W4411924471","https://openalex.org/W2021696833","https://openalex.org/W2053113282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Functional":[0],"near-infrared":[1],"spectroscopy":[2],"(fNIRS)":[3],"enables":[4],"portable,":[5],"non-invasive":[6],"monitoring":[7],"of":[8,151,194,241],"cerebral":[9,230],"oxygenation,":[10],"yet":[11],"its":[12],"quantitative":[13,62],"accuracy":[14],"in":[15,64,73,170,210,243],"continuous-wave":[16],"optical":[17,82,153],"topography":[18],"(CW-fNIRS-OT)":[19],"is":[20,234],"often":[21],"constrained":[22],"by":[23,66],"conventional":[24,181,199],"methods":[25],"that":[26,175],"rely":[27],"on":[28],"an":[29,80],"empirical":[30,37],"differential":[31],"path":[32,91,187],"length":[33,188],"factor":[34],"(DPF).":[35],"The":[36],"DPF":[38,216],"typically":[39],"assumes":[40],"homogeneous":[41],"tissue":[42],"and":[43,88,130,169,201,207,233,247],"ignores":[44],"the":[45,60,148,176,238],"layered":[46],"head":[47,107],"structure":[48],"as":[49,51],"well":[50],"inter-subject":[52,141],"anatomical":[53,101],"variability.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56,145,221],"study,":[57],"we":[58],"overcome":[59],"DPF-induced":[61],"limitations":[63],"CW-fNIRS-OT":[65],"introducing":[67],"a":[68,95,134,156,191,224],"time-shift":[69,136],"inversion":[70,84,150,217],"strategy":[71],"that,":[72],"tandem":[74],"with":[75,125,218],"layer-sensitive":[76],"time-gated":[77],"windows,":[78],"achieves":[79],"efficient":[81],"properties":[83,154],"while":[85,133],"effectively":[86],"decoupling":[87],"compensating":[89],"for":[90,139,198],"length-dependent":[92],"distortions.":[93],"Leveraging":[94],"statistical":[96],"brain":[97],"model":[98],"derived":[99],"from":[100,109],"atlases,":[102],"our":[103],"approach":[104],"synthesizes":[105],"subject-specific":[106],"geometry":[108],"simple":[110],"anthropometric":[111],"data,":[112],"explicitly":[113],"eliminating":[114],"MRI":[115],"dependency.":[116],"Photon-transport":[117],"simulations":[118],"are":[119],"employed":[120],"to":[121,128,228,236],"predefine":[122],"time":[123],"gates":[124],"preferential":[126],"sensitivity":[127],"superficial":[129],"deep":[131],"layers,":[132],"dynamic":[135],"correction":[137],"compensates":[138],"residual":[140],"geometric":[142],"mismatches.":[143],"Ultimately,":[144],"design":[146],"permits":[147],"precise":[149],"layer-specific":[152],"via":[155],"computationally":[157],"lightweight":[158],"single-layer":[159],"diffusion":[160],"equation":[161],"model.":[162],"Validation":[163],"through":[164],"numerical":[165],"simulations,":[166],"phantom":[167],"experiments,":[168],"vivo":[171],"breath-holding":[172],"tasks":[173],"demonstrates":[174],"proposed":[177],"method":[178],"significantly":[179],"outperforms":[180],"empirical-DPF":[182],"approaches.":[183],"It":[184],"corrects":[185],"systematic":[186],"errors,":[189],"achieving":[190],"quantitativeness":[192],"ratio":[193],"\u223c0.95":[195],"vs":[196],"\u223c0.85":[197],"methods,":[200],"improves":[202],"spatial":[203],"fidelity,":[204],"contrast-to-noise":[205],"ratio,":[206],"task-state":[208],"discriminability":[209],"SVM":[211],"classification.":[212],"Affording":[213],"personalized,":[214],"high-accuracy":[215],"computational":[219],"efficiency,":[220],"framework":[222],"provides":[223],"clinically":[225],"viable":[226],"route":[227],"individualized":[229],"oxygenation":[231],"assessment":[232],"poised":[235],"catalyze":[237],"broader":[239],"adoption":[240],"fNIRS":[242],"both":[244],"neuroscientific":[245],"inquiry":[246],"diagnostic":[248],"practice.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2026-08-10T00:00:00"}
