{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7202015901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1","title":"Environmental Disadvantage and the Distribution of Regulatory Inspections in the United States","display_name":"Environmental Disadvantage and the Distribution of Regulatory Inspections in the United States","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7202015901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121045105","display_name":"David Akindoyin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Akindoyin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121045105"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12259","display_name":"Environmental Justice and Health Disparities","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12259","display_name":"Environmental Justice and Health Disparities","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13148","display_name":"Environmental and Air Quality Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-justice","display_name":"environmental justice","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-inspection","display_name":"regulatory inspection","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-regulation","display_name":"environmental regulation","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5480999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5065000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777673361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281228","display_name":"Disadvantage","level":2,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:810a170b-42a6-4479-b11a-628ed5e2b37b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/b4j2a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Project"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11313021/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.47620001435279846,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6906566026","https://openalex.org/W7060672964","https://openalex.org/W7000353309","https://openalex.org/W7113505612","https://openalex.org/W6990887355","https://openalex.org/W7160682286","https://openalex.org/W7113701131","https://openalex.org/W7113370832","https://openalex.org/W7062749672","https://openalex.org/W7061549879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Environmental":[1,54,60],"justice":[2],"research":[3],"documents":[4],"unequal":[5],"exposure":[6],"to":[7,150,188],"environmental":[8,41,189],"harm,":[9],"but":[10],"less":[11],"is":[12,18,129,138,148],"known":[13],"about":[14],"how":[15],"regulatory":[16,27,180,197],"monitoring":[17],"distributed":[19],"across":[20,152],"disadvantaged":[21],"communities.":[22],"This":[23,127],"study":[24],"distinguishes":[25],"baseline":[26,172],"attention":[28,181],"from":[29,47,75],"burden":[30,147,160],"responsiveness":[31,187],"and":[32,64,66,78,87,100,145,165],"examines":[33],"both":[34],"dimensions":[35],"using":[36],"a":[37],"county-year":[38],"panel":[39],"of":[40,123,168],"inspections":[42,89,118,193],"in":[43,131,196],"the":[44,120,135,171],"United":[45],"States":[46],"2013":[48],"through":[49],"2022.":[50],"The":[51,141,174],"analysis":[52],"combines":[53],"Protection":[55],"Agency":[56],"inspection":[57,157],"records,":[58],"Risk-Screening":[59],"Indicators":[61],"pollution-burden":[62],"scores,":[63],"Climate":[65],"Economic":[67],"Justice":[68],"Screening":[69],"Tool":[70],"classifications":[71],"for":[72,92],"23,155":[73],"observations":[74,102],"2,500":[76],"counties":[77],"county-equivalent":[79],"units.":[80],"Negative":[81],"binomial":[82],"models":[83],"estimate":[84],"total,":[85],"air,":[86],"water":[88],"while":[90,134],"accounting":[91],"regulated":[93],"facilities,":[94],"state":[95],"differences,":[96],"annual":[97],"variation":[98],",":[99],"repeated":[101],"within":[103],"counties.":[104],"Counties":[105],"containing":[106],"at":[107,119],"least":[108],"one":[109,151],"CEJST-designated":[110],"tract":[111],"receive":[112],"approximately":[113],"10.7":[114],"percent":[115],"more":[116,192],"total":[117],"average":[121,179],"level":[122],"logged":[124],"pollution":[125,146],"burden.":[126],"association":[128],"concentrated":[130],"air":[132],"inspections,":[133],"water-inspection":[136],"difference":[137],"statistically":[139],"insignificant.":[140],"interaction":[142],"between":[143],"disadvantage":[144,169],"close":[149],"outcomes,":[153],"indicating":[154],"no":[155],"stronger":[156],"response":[158],"as":[159],"increases.":[161],"A":[162],"facility-offset":[163],"specification":[164],"alternative":[166],"measures":[167],"qualify":[170],"result.":[173],"findings":[175],"show":[176],"that":[177],"greater":[178,186],"does":[182],"not":[183],"necessarily":[184],"imply":[185],"need":[190],"or":[191],"per":[194],"facility":[195],"practice.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-08-09T00:00:00"}