{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7201869221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.05204","title":"SkillTrace: Multi-Trace Provenance Auditing for LLM-Agent Skill Reuse","display_name":"SkillTrace: Multi-Trace Provenance Auditing for LLM-Agent Skill Reuse","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7201869221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.05204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.05204","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.05204","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.05204","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.05204","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136164469","display_name":"Jialuo Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Jialuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146004925","display_name":"Minghe Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Minghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108578565","display_name":"Lingqi Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0856-7891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0856-7891"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Lingqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101852566","display_name":"Jianan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0448-1218","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0448-1218"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Jianan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Dianzi University , China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Dianzi University , China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121054302","display_name":"Xinhao Deng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111149068","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nqk4x38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111149068"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deng, Xinhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University ; \u00b6 National University of Defense Technology ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University ; \u00b6 National University of Defense Technology ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111149068","https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067405541","display_name":"Xiaohu Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4455-3128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4455-3128"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du, Xiaohu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136208728","display_name":"Ruixiao Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Ruixiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103258005","display_name":"Yunhao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3042-5266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3042-5266"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng, Yunhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136270109","display_name":"Linkang Du","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du, Linkang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146034106","display_name":"Jingyi Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Jingyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llm-based-agents","display_name":"LLM agents","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-reuse","display_name":"skill reuse","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-clone-detection","display_name":"code clone detection","score":0.6610000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.8557000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.7098000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.673799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5271999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5145000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771245","display_name":"Code reuse","level":3,"score":0.5062000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137981799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369184","display_name":"Reusability","level":3,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81089528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134986","display_name":"clone (Java method)","level":3,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.05204","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.05204","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.05204","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.05204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.05204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.05204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.05204","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.05204","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.05204","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7201869221.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7201869221.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140328673","https://openalex.org/W7214971209","https://openalex.org/W7202183789","https://openalex.org/W7213353384","https://openalex.org/W7161067994","https://openalex.org/W7167246483","https://openalex.org/W7156716976","https://openalex.org/W7167053688","https://openalex.org/W7141388408","https://openalex.org/W7202353180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LLM-agent":[0,86],"ecosystems":[1],"are":[2],"rapidly":[3],"growing":[4],"around":[5],"reusable":[6],"skills:":[7],"mixed-modality":[8],"packages":[9],"of":[10,74],"metadata,":[11],"natural-language":[12],"instructions,":[13],"code,":[14],"tools,":[15],"references,":[16],"and":[17,59,96,113,141,160,168],"operational":[18,60],"workflows.":[19],"As":[20,62],"skills":[21],"become":[22],"marketplace":[23,158],"artifacts,":[24],"auditing":[25,83],"their":[26],"reuse":[27,50,68,147,154,182],"is":[28,52],"no":[29],"longer":[30],"the":[31,100,120],"same":[32],"problem":[33],"as":[34,103],"ordinary":[35],"code":[36,44],"clone":[37],"detection.":[38],"Existing":[39],"detectors":[40],"target":[41],"single-modality":[42],"source":[43],"or":[45],"whole-package":[46],"similarity,":[47],"yet":[48],"skill":[49,87],"evidence":[51,179],"distributed":[53],"across":[54],"authored":[55],"text,":[56],"implementation":[57],"fragments,":[58],"structure.":[61,115],"a":[63,75,80,104,146],"result,":[64],"they":[65],"can":[66],"miss":[67],"that":[69,109,177],"preserves":[70],"only":[71,119],"one":[72],"part":[73],"skill.":[76],"We":[77],"present":[78],"SKILLTRACE,":[79],"multi-trace":[81],"provenance":[82,92],"framework":[84],"for":[85],"reuse.":[88],"SKILLTRACE":[89,129,164],"extracts":[90],"three":[91],"traces:":[93],"Expression,":[94],"Implementation,":[95],"Operational.":[97],"It":[98],"represents":[99],"Operational":[101,106],"Trace":[102],"Skill":[105],"Graph":[107],"(SOG)":[108],"captures":[110],"activation,":[111],"procedure,":[112],"resource-flow":[114],"An":[116],"LLM":[117],"assists":[118],"Operational-trace":[121],"extraction,":[122],"once":[123],"at":[124,126],"ingestion;":[125],"audit":[127,174],"time":[128],"compares":[130],"cached":[131],"traces":[132],"deterministically,":[133],"calibrates":[134],"each":[135],"trace":[136,144],"against":[137],"same-function":[138],"strict":[139],"negatives,":[140],"reports":[142],"which":[143],"supports":[145],"decision.":[148],"On":[149],"SKILLTRACE-BENCH,":[150],"with":[151],"820":[152],"transformed":[153],"positives":[155],"over":[156],"100":[157],"anchors":[159],"751":[161],"negative":[162],"controls,":[163],"achieves":[165],"AUROC":[166],"0.938":[167],"F1":[169],"0.898.":[170],"A":[171],"36,446-skill":[172],"wild":[173],"further":[175],"shows":[176],"trace-attributed":[178],"surfaces":[180],"actionable":[181],"review":[183],"queues":[184],"beyond":[185],"repository-level":[186],"baselines.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-08T00:00:00"}