{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7201864947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000049897","title":"Genetic evidence for behavioral preference factors on fatigue: A Mendelian randomization study of chronotype, morning alertness, and outdoor exposure","display_name":"Genetic evidence for behavioral preference factors on fatigue: A Mendelian randomization study of chronotype, morning alertness, and outdoor exposure","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7201864947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000049897","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42566570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000049897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000049897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000049897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000049897","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5145981387","display_name":"Tao Luo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120234","display_name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5mqw79","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120234"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5145989715","display_name":"Fen Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120234","display_name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5mqw79","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120234"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112404416","display_name":"Hui Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8456-7007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8456-7007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120234","display_name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5mqw79","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120234"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010168825","display_name":"Lanqing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6620-7096","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6620-7096","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8460-7404"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120234","display_name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5mqw79","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120234"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lanqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8460-7404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120234"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64298291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"32","first_page":"e49897","last_page":"e49897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.44699999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.44699999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.23600000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.14550000429153442,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatigue","display_name":"fatigue","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronotype","display_name":"chronotype","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outdoor-exposure","display_name":"outdoor exposure","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-preferences","display_name":"behavioral preferences","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circadian-rhythm","display_name":"circadian rhythm","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-risk-factors","display_name":"genetic risk factors","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-mendelian-randomization","display_name":"multivariate Mendelian randomization","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pleiotropy","display_name":"pleiotropy","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneity","display_name":"heterogeneity","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leave-one-out-analysis","display_name":"leave-one-out analysis","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mr-presso","display_name":"MR-PRESSO","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circadian-rhythm-disruption","display_name":"circadian rhythm disruption","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-environment","display_name":"indoor environment","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6816584","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","level":5,"score":0.9329000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7077999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47056694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184869","display_name":"Chronotype","level":3,"score":0.7005000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19720800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7722","display_name":"Morning","level":2,"score":0.645799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776476923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7725","display_name":"Evening","level":2,"score":0.5824999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106208931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","level":5,"score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230870","display_name":"Concordance","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177860879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532897","display_name":"Genetic epidemiology","level":3,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121446783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208353","display_name":"Circadian rhythm","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192424360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929408","display_name":"Multivariate analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53500534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204375","display_name":"Behavioural genetics","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000094407","descriptor_name":"Chronotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000094407","descriptor_name":"Chronotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000094407","descriptor_name":"Chronotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002940","descriptor_name":"Circadian Rhythm","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002940","descriptor_name":"Circadian Rhythm","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002940","descriptor_name":"Circadian Rhythm","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005221","descriptor_name":"Fatigue","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005221","descriptor_name":"Fatigue","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005221","descriptor_name":"Fatigue","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000049897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000049897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000049897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42566570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42566570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13456699","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13456699/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13456699/pdf/medi-105-e49897.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Medicine (Baltimore)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000049897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000049897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000049897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010485769","https://openalex.org/W2079796348","https://openalex.org/W2111653049","https://openalex.org/W2113529945","https://openalex.org/W2119764557","https://openalex.org/W2153707102","https://openalex.org/W2160458413","https://openalex.org/W2171865301","https://openalex.org/W2264968725","https://openalex.org/W3119951272","https://openalex.org/W3194171027","https://openalex.org/W4214564368","https://openalex.org/W4285404619","https://openalex.org/W4322397497","https://openalex.org/W4323659847","https://openalex.org/W4361304804","https://openalex.org/W4385350136","https://openalex.org/W4388634710","https://openalex.org/W4389055516","https://openalex.org/W4399295644","https://openalex.org/W4401889361","https://openalex.org/W4403735560","https://openalex.org/W4406562758","https://openalex.org/W4408170629"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fatigue":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,37],"multifactorial":[3],"condition":[4],"influenced":[5],"by":[6,136],"environmental,":[7],"behavioral,":[8],"genetic,":[9],"and":[10,25,46,54,60,85,102,120,145,176,208,308,329,340],"disease-related":[11],"factors.":[12],"While":[13],"observational":[14],"studies":[15,45],"have":[16],"identified":[17,160],"key":[18],"contributors":[19],"like":[20],"circadian":[21],"disruption,":[22],"sleep":[23],"disturbances,":[24],"genetic":[26,319],"predisposition,":[27],"the":[28,76,86,99,124,132,174,198,243,251,268,284,338],"causal":[29,48,78,322],"relationships":[30,79,323],"remain":[31],"unclear.":[32],"Mendelian":[33],"randomization":[34],"(MR)":[35],"offers":[36],"robust":[38],"approach":[39],"to":[40,74,147,224],"overcome":[41],"limitations":[42],"of":[43,88,112,166,170,194,245,247,270,280,294,334],"traditional":[44],"establish":[47],"links":[49],"between":[50,80,324],"modifiable":[51,325],"behavioral":[52,82,163,326],"preferences":[53],"fatigue.":[55,89,330],"This":[56],"study":[57,70],"employed":[58],"univariate":[59],"multivariate":[61],"MR":[62,183,314],"(MVMR)":[63],"analyses":[64,266],"using":[65],"publicly":[66],"available":[67],"genome-wide":[68],"association":[69],"(GWAS)":[71],"summary":[72,93],"statistics":[73,94],"investigate":[75],"potential":[77],"these":[81,271],"preference":[83,327],"factors":[84,328],"risk":[87],"We":[90],"obtained":[91],"GWAS":[92,152],"for":[95,278],"relevant":[96],"variables":[97],"from":[98,154],"Neale":[100],"Lab":[101],"MRC":[103],"Integrated":[104],"Epidemiology":[105],"Unit":[106],"(MRC-IEU)":[107],"databases.":[108],"After":[109],"systematic":[110],"screening":[111],"multiple":[113,313],"domains":[114],"(internal":[115],"microenvironment,":[116],"indoor":[117],"environment":[118,122],"parameters,":[119],"natural":[121],"characteristics),":[123],"inverse":[125],"variance":[126],"weighted":[127],"(IVW)":[128],"method":[129],"served":[130],"as":[131],"primary":[133],"analysis,":[134,142,144],"complemented":[135],"sensitivity":[137],"analysis":[138,236],"(heterogeneity":[139],"test,":[140],"pleiotropy":[141,296],"leave-one-out":[143],"MR-PRESSO)":[146],"evaluate":[148],"result":[149],"robustness.":[150],"Using":[151],"data":[153],"32":[155],"traits":[156],"(1645,048":[157],"participants),":[158],"we":[159],"three":[161],"significant":[162,256,274],"preference-related":[164],"determinants":[165],"fatigue:":[167],"chronotype,":[168],"ease":[169,193,246,279,333],"getting":[171,195,248,281,335],"up":[172,196,249,282,336],"in":[173,180,197,250,283,337],"morning,":[175],"time":[177],"spent":[178],"outdoors":[179],"summer.":[181],"The":[182],"results":[184,309],"demonstrated:":[185],"Protective":[186],"effects":[187],"against":[188],"fatigue":[189,222,254,347],"associated":[190],"with":[191],"greater":[192,332],"morning":[199,252,285,339],"(OR":[200,213,227,257],"=":[201,214,219,228,233,258,263],"0.991,":[202],"95%CI":[203,216,230],"0.987-0.995;":[204],"P":[205,218,232,262,289,299],"<":[206,290],".001)":[207],"longer":[209,341],"summer":[210,342],"outdoor":[211,343],"exposure":[212,344],"0.996,":[215],"0.992-1.000;":[217],".030);":[220],"Elevated":[221],"risk,linked":[223],"evening":[225,350],"chronotype":[226,351],"1.003,":[229],"1.001-1.005;":[231],".013).":[234],"MVMR":[235],"showed":[237],"that":[238],"after":[239],"jointly":[240],"incorporating":[241],"variables,":[242],"impact":[244],"on":[253],"remained":[255],"0.987,":[259],"95%CI:":[260],"0.980-0.995,":[261],".002).":[264],"Sensitivity":[265],"confirmed":[267],"robustness":[269],"findings:":[272],"although":[273],"heterogeneity":[275],"was":[276,306],"detected":[277],"(Cochran's":[286],"Q":[287],"test":[288],".05),":[291],"no":[292],"evidence":[293,320],"horizontal":[295],"(MR-Egger":[297],"intercept":[298],">":[300],".05)":[301],"or":[302],"outlier":[303],"SNPs":[304],"(MR-PRESSO)":[305],"found,":[307],"were":[310],"consistent":[311],"across":[312],"methods.":[315],"These":[316],"findings":[317],"provide":[318],"supporting":[321],"Specifically,":[331],"may":[345],"reduce":[346],"risk,":[348],"while":[349],"increases":[352],"susceptibility.":[353]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-08-08T00:00:00"}