{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7201857347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781042009053-20","title":"Explainable Machine Learning Models for Demand Forecasting and Inventory Management in Smart Commerce","display_name":"Explainable Machine Learning Models for Demand Forecasting and Inventory Management in Smart Commerce","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7201857347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781042009053-20"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1201/9781042009053-20","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781042009053-20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781042009053-20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463075","display_name":"CRC Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320584","host_organization_name":"CRC Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320584","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CRC Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart and Distributed Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7201879255","display_name":"Smart and Distributed Computing"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121742196","display_name":"Dr. Syed Hassan Imam Gardezi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6171-1238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6171-1238"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Hassan Imam Gardezi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015221056","display_name":"Ghada Elkady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1401-1101","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1401-1101"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghada Elkady","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146072455","display_name":"Aicha Hussein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aicha Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137082777","display_name":"Dr. Nidal Al Said","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nidal Al Said","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003605397","display_name":"Quazi Taif Sadat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4878-3298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4878-3298"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quazi Taif Sadat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"83","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11918","display_name":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","score":0.04830000177025795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-forecasting","display_name":"demand forecasting","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inventory-management","display_name":"inventory management","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explainable-ai","display_name":"explainable AI","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-fusion-transformer","display_name":"Temporal Fusion Transformer","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shap","display_name":"SHAP","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-explanations","display_name":"counterfactual explanations","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inventory-policy-optimization","display_name":"inventory policy optimization","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-stock-reduction","display_name":"safety stock reduction","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/walmart","display_name":"Walmart","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-ai-act-compliance","display_name":"EU AI Act compliance","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-level-agreements","display_name":"service level agreements","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.613099992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.557200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193809577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409300","display_name":"Demand forecasting","level":2,"score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018434026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3761396","display_name":"Inventory management","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36181114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3130009","display_name":"Newsvendor model","level":3,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779466795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337690","display_name":"Postponement","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50601946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q962928","display_name":"Stockout","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117938511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3634830","display_name":"Inventory control","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781468064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267117","display_name":"Lead time","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200870193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11691","display_name":"Stock exchange","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1201/9781042009053-20","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781042009053-20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781042009053-20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463075","display_name":"CRC Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320584","host_organization_name":"CRC Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320584","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CRC Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart and Distributed Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7202009629","https://openalex.org/W7138949892","https://openalex.org/W7202085238","https://openalex.org/W7222952946","https://openalex.org/W7220658184","https://openalex.org/W7162432484","https://openalex.org/W4410576712","https://openalex.org/W7125489626","https://openalex.org/W4415398196","https://openalex.org/W4414603847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"commerce":[1],"requires":[2],"demand":[3],"forecasting":[4],"that":[5,37,69],"are":[6],"highly":[7],"accurate":[8],"and":[9,20,46,63,102,122,156],"transparent.":[10],"However,":[11],"the":[12,160],"deep":[13],"learning":[14],"models":[15],"operate":[16],"as":[17],"black":[18],"boxes":[19],"struggles":[21],"to":[22,77],"justify":[23],"inventory":[24,90,115],"decisions.":[25],"To":[26],"achieve":[27],"both":[28],"these":[29],"aims,":[30],"this":[31],"paper":[32],"presents":[33,159],"a":[34,65,128,135],"hybrid":[35],"model":[36],"combines":[38],"Temporal":[39],"Fusion":[40],"Transformer":[41],"(TFT)":[42],"with":[43],"stabilized":[44],"SHAP":[45,71,85],"counterfactual":[47],"explanations.":[48],"TFT":[49],"is":[50,107],"trained":[51],"on":[52,87],"an":[53],"IoT-augmented":[54],"Walmart":[55],"data":[56],"(5":[57],"stores,":[58],"100":[59],"items,":[60],"1,431":[61],"days)":[62],"adds":[64],"temporal":[66],"regularization":[67],"loss":[68],"decreases":[70],"explanation":[72],"variance":[73],"by":[74,120],"42.3":[75],"percent":[76],"18.1":[78],"percent.":[79],"An":[80],"innovative":[81],"closed-form":[82],"derivative":[83],"conditions":[84],"values":[86],"sensitivity":[88],"of":[89,145,151],"cost,":[91],"which":[92,106,132],"facilitates":[93],"gradient-based":[94],"policy":[95],"optimization.":[96],"The":[97,141],"framework":[98],"has":[99],"8.3%":[100],"MAPE":[101],"91.2%":[103],"directional":[104],"accuracy,":[105],"1.2":[108],"percentage":[109],"points":[110],"higher":[111],"than":[112],"N-BEATS.":[113],"XAI-optimized":[114],"policies":[116],"lowered":[117],"safety":[118],"stock":[119],"16.8%":[121],"still":[123],"provide":[124],"98.5%":[125],"service":[126],"in":[127,134,177],"180-day":[129],"randomized":[130],"trial,":[131],"resulted":[133],"12.4k":[136],"cost":[137],"savings":[138],"per":[139],"product.":[140],"system":[142],"achieves":[143],"SLAs":[144],"142":[146,149],"ms":[147,150],"at":[148],"latency":[152],"deployed":[153],"using":[154],"FastAPI":[155],"MLflow.":[157],"This":[158],"earliest,":[161],"auditable,":[162],"deployable,":[163],"explainable":[164],"automated":[165],"replenishment,":[166],"EU":[167],"AI":[168],"Act":[169],"transparency":[170],"requirements":[171],"alongside":[172],"providing":[173],"quantifiable":[174],"financial":[175],"results":[176],"smart":[178],"business":[179],"settings.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2026-08-08T00:00:00"}
