{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7201854690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2026-0126","title":"Development of sustainable controlled low-strength backfill materials using eco-friendly binders","display_name":"Development of sustainable controlled low-strength backfill materials using eco-friendly binders","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7201854690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2026-0126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2026-0126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2026-0126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2026-0126","pdf_url":"https://www.scielo.br/j/rmat/a/Cj7vXLbkjhB8zjBgpTx7QDD/?lang=en&format=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194991810","display_name":"Mat\u00e9ria (Rio de Janeiro)","issn_l":"1517-7076","issn":["1517-7076"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312367","host_organization_name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312367"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University of Rio de Janeiro"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mat\u00e9ria (Rio de Janeiro)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.scielo.br/j/rmat/a/Cj7vXLbkjhB8zjBgpTx7QDD/?lang=en&format=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086615107","display_name":"Kannan Subburaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4252-8601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4252-8601","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9544-4374"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kannan Subburaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Michael College of Engineering & Technology,  India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9544-4374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Michael College of Engineering & Technology,  India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001203424","display_name":"Mullainathan Suganthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-7886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-7886"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suganthi Mullainathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mahendra Engineering College,  India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-7886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mahendra Engineering College,  India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034352377","display_name":"Krishnapriya Sankarapandian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9163-2587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9163-2587","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-6534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012606","display_name":"AAA College of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0281pgk04","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012606"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnapriya Sankarapandian","raw_affiliation_strings":["AAA College of Engineering and Technology,  India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-6534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AAA College of Engineering and Technology,  India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012606"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114596435","display_name":"Uma Maguesvari Muthaiyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-1060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-1060","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2055-5421"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399657946","display_name":"Rajalakshmi Engineering College","ror":"https://ror.org/01dw2vm55","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399657946"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uma Maguesvari Muthaiyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rajalakshmi Engineering College,  India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-1060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rajalakshmi Engineering College,  India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399657946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086615107"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46938441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.7710000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.7710000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13140","display_name":"Materials Engineering and Processing","score":0.1168999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.04960000142455101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-low-strength-material","display_name":"controlled low-strength material","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal-laser-scanning-microscopy","display_name":"confocal laser scanning microscopy","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backfill-material","display_name":"backfill material","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-granulated-blast-furnace-slag","display_name":"ground granulated blast furnace slag","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fly-ash","display_name":"fly ash","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-waste-binders","display_name":"industrial waste binders","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segregation","display_name":"segregation","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemorrhage","display_name":"hemorrhage","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flowability","display_name":"flowability","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-pulse-velocity","display_name":"ultrasonic pulse velocity","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density","display_name":"density","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-construction-materials","display_name":"sustainable construction materials","score":0.8479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779666059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cementitious","level":3,"score":0.7615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844123","display_name":"Portland cement","level":3,"score":0.7002000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.6888999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6855000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5238000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33819350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353009","display_name":"Ground granulated blast-furnace slag","level":3,"score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31555180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3523867","display_name":"Material properties","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159048435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105783","display_name":"Slag (welding)","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144176778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766786","display_name":"Surface-area-to-volume ratio","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10675206","display_name":"Ingredient","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65590680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909482","display_name":"Volume fraction","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2026-0126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2026-0126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2026-0126","pdf_url":"https://www.scielo.br/j/rmat/a/Cj7vXLbkjhB8zjBgpTx7QDD/?lang=en&format=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194991810","display_name":"Mat\u00e9ria (Rio de Janeiro)","issn_l":"1517-7076","issn":["1517-7076"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312367","host_organization_name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312367"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University of Rio de Janeiro"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mat\u00e9ria (Rio de Janeiro)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2026-0126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2026-0126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2026-0126","pdf_url":"https://www.scielo.br/j/rmat/a/Cj7vXLbkjhB8zjBgpTx7QDD/?lang=en&format=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194991810","display_name":"Mat\u00e9ria (Rio de Janeiro)","issn_l":"1517-7076","issn":["1517-7076"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312367","host_organization_name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312367"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University of Rio de Janeiro"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mat\u00e9ria (Rio de Janeiro)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7201854690.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7201854690.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563465859","https://openalex.org/W1980609181","https://openalex.org/W1980727637","https://openalex.org/W1983507987","https://openalex.org/W1984497747","https://openalex.org/W1994820754","https://openalex.org/W2016871363","https://openalex.org/W2067998748","https://openalex.org/W2079180207","https://openalex.org/W2083263326","https://openalex.org/W2083724279","https://openalex.org/W2118281430","https://openalex.org/W2144200241","https://openalex.org/W2282082522","https://openalex.org/W2297439277","https://openalex.org/W2313087794","https://openalex.org/W2372578671","https://openalex.org/W2527912730","https://openalex.org/W2755309131","https://openalex.org/W2761451291","https://openalex.org/W2795603199","https://openalex.org/W2903939551","https://openalex.org/W2910492548","https://openalex.org/W2945694446","https://openalex.org/W2992792214","https://openalex.org/W2998310159","https://openalex.org/W3006136869","https://openalex.org/W3088214450","https://openalex.org/W4311900486","https://openalex.org/W4365143808","https://openalex.org/W4391305383","https://openalex.org/W4403848745","https://openalex.org/W4404585367","https://openalex.org/W4415767475","https://openalex.org/W7117961557","https://openalex.org/W7118065417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380730436","https://openalex.org/W1965412244","https://openalex.org/W2144200241","https://openalex.org/W4309947259","https://openalex.org/W1979196034","https://openalex.org/W2050500357","https://openalex.org/W4407353271","https://openalex.org/W3180489695","https://openalex.org/W4224317262","https://openalex.org/W3085588717"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Controlled":[1],"Low":[2],"Strength":[3],"Material":[4],"(CLSM)":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,15,128,182],"cementitious,":[8],"self-compacting,":[9],"and":[10,32,57,83,92,101,120,157,178,188],"fluid-like":[11],"material":[12,49,62],"used":[13],"as":[14,160],"backfill":[16],"in":[17],"place":[18],"of":[19,130],"compacted":[20],"soil.":[21],"This":[22],"study":[23],"analyzes":[24],"CLSM":[25,111,149,169,184],"engineering":[26],"qualities":[27],"using":[28],"industrial":[29],"wastes":[30],"GGBS":[31,177],"WFS.":[33],"The":[34,125,167],"Paste":[35],"Volume":[36],"Ratio":[37],"(PVR)":[38],"ranged":[39,138],"from":[40,66,114,139],"0.5":[41],"to":[42,47,60,68,117,123,141],"0.55,":[43],"the":[44,58,73,109],"Portland":[45],"cement":[46],"Cementitious":[48,61],"(pc/cm)":[50],"ratio":[51,64,94],"was":[52],"kept":[53],"constant":[54],"at":[55,86,135],"0.1,":[56],"Water":[59],"(w/cm)":[63],"varied":[65,153],"0.8":[67],"1.":[69],"Trial":[70],"research":[71],"set":[72],"w/cm":[74,79,93],"ratio.":[75],"Segregation":[76],"increases":[77],"with":[78,144,185],"greater":[80],"than":[81],"1":[82],"workability":[84],"decreases":[85],"0.5.":[87],"We":[88],"examined":[89],"how":[90],"PVR":[91],"affect":[95],"flowability,":[96],"bleeding,":[97],"density,":[98],"compressive":[99],"strength,":[100],"ultrasonic":[102,163],"pulse":[103,164],"velocity.":[104],"Experimental":[105],"results":[106],"show":[107],"that":[108,176],"produced":[110],"mixtures":[112,126],"flowed":[113],"282":[115],"mm":[116,119],"450":[118],"bled":[121],"1%":[122],"2.3%.":[124],"had":[127],"density":[129],"1242\u20131343":[131],"kg/m3.":[132],"Compressive":[133],"strength":[134],"28":[136],"days":[137],"4.81":[140],"7.95":[142],"MPa,":[143],"M2":[145],"Mix":[146],"being":[147],"strongest.":[148],"matrix":[150],"internal":[151],"compactness":[152],"between":[154],"2.741":[155],"km/s":[156],"3.631":[158],"km/s,":[159],"measured":[161],"by":[162],"velocity":[165],"(UPV).":[166],"created":[168],"combinations":[170],"meet":[171],"ACI":[172],"229R":[173],"criteria,":[174],"proving":[175],"WFS":[179],"can":[180],"provide":[181],"sustainable":[183],"good":[186],"fresh":[187],"hardened":[189],"qualities.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-08T00:00:00"}