{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7197734653","doi":null,"title":"Examining political polarization in the German bundestag using large language models: historical trends and a contemporary analysis - Gpt model","display_name":"Examining political polarization in the German bundestag using large language models: historical trends and a contemporary analysis - Gpt model","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7197734653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:run.unl.pt:10362/203814","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/203814","pdf_url":"https://run.unl.pt/bitstreams/89b1c6db-0c27-426b-9079-94f923f7ed3b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"master thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://run.unl.pt/bitstreams/89b1c6db-0c27-426b-9079-94f923f7ed3b/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5145272319","display_name":"Antoine Otto Thomas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas, Antoine Otto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5145272319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.7426999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.7426999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.10899999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.051600001752376556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-polarization","display_name":"political polarization","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bundestag","display_name":"Bundestag","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parliamentary-speeches","display_name":"parliamentary speeches","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-classification","display_name":"speech classification","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bert","display_name":"BERT","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpt-4o-mini","display_name":"GPT-4o-mini","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llama","display_name":"llamas","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"sentiment analysis","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-fur-deutschland","display_name":"Alternative f\u00fcr Deutschland","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-wing-parties","display_name":"right-wing parties","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-parties","display_name":"political parties","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.7983999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.7368999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6796000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5629000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90508534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660049","display_name":"Political communication","level":3,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781046721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28108","display_name":"Political system","level":4,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776568539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837416","display_name":"Coalition government","level":3,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781413071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1299515","display_name":"Social Democratic Party","level":4,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.2614000141620636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:run.unl.pt:10362/203814","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/203814","pdf_url":"https://run.unl.pt/bitstreams/89b1c6db-0c27-426b-9079-94f923f7ed3b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"master thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:run.unl.pt:10362/203814","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/203814","pdf_url":"https://run.unl.pt/bitstreams/89b1c6db-0c27-426b-9079-94f923f7ed3b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"master thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1516346500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01-0145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3257768443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007722","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3821169523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4192190916","display_name":"Nova School of Business and Economics","funder_award_id":"UID/ECO/00124/2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6967056920","display_name":"Nova School of Business and Economics","funder_award_id":"UID/ECO/00124/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G946021960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7197734653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7197734653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495273023","https://openalex.org/W1590495275","https://openalex.org/W2083171575","https://openalex.org/W2137029365","https://openalex.org/W2153910101","https://openalex.org/W2169818249","https://openalex.org/W2197629079","https://openalex.org/W2236191343","https://openalex.org/W2747680751","https://openalex.org/W2792378751","https://openalex.org/W2848303245","https://openalex.org/W2889302829","https://openalex.org/W2951864292","https://openalex.org/W2970465794","https://openalex.org/W2998433004","https://openalex.org/W3030163527","https://openalex.org/W3107378548","https://openalex.org/W3128480051","https://openalex.org/W3128513378","https://openalex.org/W3132134142","https://openalex.org/W3133482406","https://openalex.org/W3166926658","https://openalex.org/W3168867926","https://openalex.org/W3180521376","https://openalex.org/W3212874723","https://openalex.org/W4200634521","https://openalex.org/W4221152634","https://openalex.org/W4248066667","https://openalex.org/W4282827865","https://openalex.org/W4292474994","https://openalex.org/W4312205190","https://openalex.org/W4318677156","https://openalex.org/W4319730829","https://openalex.org/W4321276130","https://openalex.org/W4323240841","https://openalex.org/W4379472056","https://openalex.org/W4386576934","https://openalex.org/W4386701122","https://openalex.org/W4393639704","https://openalex.org/W4395962073","https://openalex.org/W4398387079","https://openalex.org/W4398406656","https://openalex.org/W4404781950","https://openalex.org/W4411993048","https://openalex.org/W6959981292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7198127059","https://openalex.org/W7212089162","https://openalex.org/W7159906484","https://openalex.org/W7197708927","https://openalex.org/W7198263598","https://openalex.org/W7198364928","https://openalex.org/W7197362225","https://openalex.org/W4394626177","https://openalex.org/W6966955368","https://openalex.org/W7167311510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Analyzing":[0],"political":[1,21,78],"polarization":[2,22,33,79],"has":[3,25],"become":[4],"increasingly":[5],"relevant,":[6],"particularly":[7],"in":[8,15,23,34,56,77,115],"light":[9],"of":[10,44,89,121,132],"the":[11,35,57,81,87,90,98,111,118,122],"recent":[12,119],"government":[13],"crisis":[14],"Germany.":[16],"This":[17,62],"research":[18],"investigates":[19],"how":[20],"Germany":[24],"evolved":[26],"over":[27],"time":[28],"and":[29,51,68],"identifies":[30],"factors":[31,114],"influencing":[32],"current":[36],"electoral":[37,84],"term":[38],"(2021-2025).":[39],"We":[40],"utilize":[41],"an":[42],"ensemble":[43],"three":[45],"Large":[46],"Language":[47],"Models,":[48],"BERT,":[49],"GPT-4o-mini,":[50],"LLaMA,":[52],"to":[53],"classify":[54],"speeches":[55],"German":[58],"Bundestag":[59,99],"as":[60,110],"polarizing.":[61],"approach":[63],"is":[64],"complemented":[65],"by":[66,105,129],"sentiment":[67],"structural":[69],"analysis.":[70],"Our":[71],"results":[72],"show":[73],"a":[74,130],"significant":[75],"increase":[76],"across":[80],"last":[82],"two":[83],"terms,":[85],"with":[86],"entry":[88],"right-wing":[91],"party":[92],"Alternative":[93],"f\u00fcr":[94],"Deutschland":[95],"(AfD)":[96],"into":[97],"occurring":[100],"concurrently.":[101],"Political":[102],"parties,":[103],"followed":[104],"topics":[106],"discussed,":[107],"have":[108],"emerged":[109],"most":[112],"influential":[113],"polarization.":[116],"Meanwhile,":[117],"dissolution":[120],"governing":[123,135],"coalition":[124],"was":[125],"only":[126],"subtly":[127],"indicated":[128],"reduction":[131],"applause":[133],"among":[134],"parties":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-08-07T00:00:00"}