{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7196983752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954","title":"Performance analysis of 5G NR network planning at 2300 MHz in Indonesia: A comparative study of LoS and NLoS scenarios","display_name":"Performance analysis of 5G NR network planning at 2300 MHz in Indonesia: A comparative study of LoS and NLoS scenarios","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7196983752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954","pdf_url":"https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/download/41696/18824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235676","display_name":"International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems/International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2722-256X","issn":["2722-256X","2722-2578"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315009","host_organization_name":"Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/download/41696/18824","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010270299","display_name":"Putri Rahmawati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3049-1831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3049-1831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I862893732","display_name":"Telkom University","ror":"https://ror.org/0004wsx81","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Putri Rahmawati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telkom University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3049-1831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telkom University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074765146","display_name":"Lia Hafiza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6444-9550","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6444-9550"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I862893732","display_name":"Telkom University","ror":"https://ror.org/0004wsx81","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lia Hafiza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telkom University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6444-9550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telkom University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076423448","display_name":"Muhammad Adam Nugraha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-0191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-0191"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Adam Nugraha","raw_affiliation_strings":["PERURI"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-0191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PERURI","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013812756","display_name":"Syifa Maliah Rachmawati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-1683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-1683"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syifa Maliah Rachmawati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kumoh National Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-1683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"1944","last_page":"1944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"line-of-sight propagation","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-budget","display_name":"link budget","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-performance","display_name":"coverage performance","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-performance-indicators","display_name":"key performance indicators","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandung","display_name":"Bandung","score":0.8610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.876800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7710999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6693999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5878999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114563136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19725982","display_name":"Network planning and design","level":2,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983886724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4262","display_name":"Radio signal","level":3,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993828040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19720704","display_name":"Infrastructure planning","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94137725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Link budget","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986737936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Time synchronization","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135510737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance indicator","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139940560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290036","display_name":"Network simulation","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954","pdf_url":"https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/download/41696/18824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235676","display_name":"International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems/International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2722-256X","issn":["2722-256X","2722-2578"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315009","host_organization_name":"Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v16i4.pp1944-1954","pdf_url":"https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/download/41696/18824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235676","display_name":"International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems/International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2722-256X","issn":["2722-256X","2722-2578"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315009","host_organization_name":"Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7250000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330150","display_name":"Universitas Telkom","ror":"https://ror.org/0004wsx81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7196983752.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7196983752.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1894130804","https://openalex.org/W2119266139","https://openalex.org/W2275969031","https://openalex.org/W2799152972","https://openalex.org/W2983218932","https://openalex.org/W2993827264","https://openalex.org/W3003680734","https://openalex.org/W3005126344","https://openalex.org/W3012825803","https://openalex.org/W3106691956","https://openalex.org/W3109889493","https://openalex.org/W3127584113","https://openalex.org/W4214836407","https://openalex.org/W4214858449","https://openalex.org/W4301184869","https://openalex.org/W4386403677","https://openalex.org/W4390338307","https://openalex.org/W4392168982","https://openalex.org/W4393058411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214836407","https://openalex.org/W7214912822","https://openalex.org/W4214858449","https://openalex.org/W6976749444","https://openalex.org/W4407214772","https://openalex.org/W4402595252","https://openalex.org/W4407198889","https://openalex.org/W3121899631","https://openalex.org/W4323570250","https://openalex.org/W4386403677"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,60],"presents":[2],"a":[3,54,86,98],"systematic":[4],"comparative":[5],"analysis":[6],"of":[7,94,104,128,134],"5G":[8,178],"new":[9],"radio":[10],"(NR)":[11],"network":[12,169],"planning":[13],"at":[14],"2300":[15],"MHz":[16],"for":[17,36,53,82],"Bandung":[18],"City,":[19],"Indonesia,":[20],"evaluating":[21],"line-of-sight":[22],"(LoS)":[23],"and":[24,33,50,97,132,151,173],"non-line-of-sight":[25],"(NLoS)":[26],"propagation":[27,46,75],"scenarios":[28],"to":[29],"determine":[30],"infrastructure":[31,163,174],"requirements":[32],"performance":[34,63,127,150],"characteristics":[35],"urban":[37,57,177],"deployment.":[38],"Employing":[39],"the":[40,59,113,166],"3GPP":[41],"TR":[42],"38.901":[43],"Urban":[44],"Macro":[45],"model,":[47],"link-budget":[48],"analysis,":[49],"Atoll-based":[51],"simulation":[52],"167.31":[55],"km\u00b2":[56],"area,":[58],"evaluates":[61],"coverage":[62,142,152],"under":[64],"projected":[65],"2025":[66],"deployment":[67,119,171],"conditions.":[68],"The":[69,144],"results":[70],"reveal":[71],"significant":[72],"differences":[73],"between":[74,168],"scenarios.":[76],"LoS":[77],"conditions":[78],"require":[79],"45":[80],"gNodeBs":[81],"uplink":[83],"coverage,":[84],"achieving":[85],"synchronization":[87,99],"signal":[88,90,100],"reference":[89],"received":[91],"power":[92],"(SS-RSRP)":[93],"-94.63":[95],"dBm":[96,130],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[101],"ratio":[102],"(SS-SINR)":[103],"10.87":[105],"dB,":[106],"both":[107],"categorized":[108],"as":[109],"\u201cGood.\u201d":[110],"In":[111],"contrast,":[112],"NLoS":[114,155],"scenario":[115],"requires":[116],"substantially":[117,161],"denser":[118],"with":[120,139],"635":[121],"gNodeBs,":[122],"resulting":[123],"in":[124,154,176],"improved":[125,148],"SS-RSRP":[126],"-71.98":[129],"(\u201cExcellent\u201d)":[131],"SS-SINR":[133],"12.32":[135],"dB":[136],"(\u201cGood\u201d),":[137],"along":[138],"more":[140],"uniform":[141],"distribution.":[143],"findings":[145],"indicate":[146],"that":[147],"KPI":[149],"uniformity":[153],"environments":[156],"can":[157],"be":[158],"achieved":[159],"through":[160],"increased":[162],"density,":[164],"highlighting":[165],"trade-off":[167],"quality,":[170],"complexity,":[172],"cost":[175],"NR":[179],"planning.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-07T00:00:00"}
