{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7196935233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/3ywm0758","title":"A LATENCY-AWARE AND LOAD-BALANCED VIRTUAL NETWORK EMBEDDING FRAMEWORK USING GRAPH ATTENTION NETWORKS AND HYBRID PROXIMAL POLICY OPTIMIZATION","display_name":"A LATENCY-AWARE AND LOAD-BALANCED VIRTUAL NETWORK EMBEDDING FRAMEWORK USING GRAPH ATTENTION NETWORKS AND HYBRID PROXIMAL POLICY OPTIMIZATION","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7196935233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/3ywm0758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4238/3ywm0758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/3ywm0758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4238/3ywm0758","pdf_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/2334/1420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206553565","display_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","issn_l":"1676-5680","issn":["1676-5680"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322633623","host_organization_name":"Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322633623"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/2334/1420","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144923288","display_name":"Mrs. B. S. Sukanya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mrs. B. S. Sukanya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017242744","display_name":"L. Sudha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4974-7482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4974-7482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105562","display_name":"Velammal Educational Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01cphbs04","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105562"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. L. Sudha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor Department of Computer Science , VET Institute of Arts and Science College , Erode - 638012 , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor Department of Computer Science , VET Institute of Arts and Science College , Erode - 638012 , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network-embedding","display_name":"virtual network embedding","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"load balancing","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-attention-networks","display_name":"graph attention networks","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-learning-rate","display_name":"adaptive learning rate","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-topology","display_name":"dynamic topology","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5g","display_name":"5G","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-cloud-networks","display_name":"edge-cloud networks","score":0.8389999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8414000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.6958000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6284000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.49059998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.42179998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123757187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9195957","display_name":"Network dynamics","level":2,"score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139940560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290036","display_name":"Network simulation","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Network virtualization","level":4,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4238/3ywm0758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/3ywm0758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4238/3ywm0758","pdf_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/2334/1420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206553565","display_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","issn_l":"1676-5680","issn":["1676-5680"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322633623","host_organization_name":"Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322633623"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4238/3ywm0758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4238/3ywm0758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4238/3ywm0758","pdf_url":"https://geneticsmr.com/index.php/gmr/article/download/2334/1420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206553565","display_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","issn_l":"1676-5680","issn":["1676-5680"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322633623","host_organization_name":"Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322633623"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research Foundation of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics and Molecular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7196935233.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7196935233.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387378231","https://openalex.org/W7220374480","https://openalex.org/W7218432158","https://openalex.org/W4387042363","https://openalex.org/W7077057177","https://openalex.org/W3205399833","https://openalex.org/W4408610981","https://openalex.org/W3108286940","https://openalex.org/W4392152467","https://openalex.org/W4307275021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0,57],"Network":[1,58],"Embedding":[2],"(VNE)":[3],"is":[4,106,121,136],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,138],"efficiently":[7],"mapping":[8],"virtual":[9],"requests":[10],"onto":[11],"physical":[12],"infrastructures":[13],"in":[14,109],"large-scale":[15],"networks":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18,76],"5G,":[19],"IoT,":[20],"and":[21,40,43,71,111,130,176],"edge-cloud":[22],"systems.":[23],"However,":[24],"existing":[25,160],"approaches":[26],"often":[27],"struggle":[28],"to":[29,31,80,96,123],"adapt":[30],"dynamic":[32],"network":[33,113,181],"states,":[34],"minimize":[35],"latency,":[36,170],"balance":[37],"resource":[38,87],"loads,":[39],"achieve":[41],"rapid":[42],"stable":[44,174],"learning.":[45],"To":[46],"address":[47],"these":[48],"challenges,":[49],"this":[50],"study":[51],"introduces":[52],"ALIVE":[53,157],"(Adaptive":[54],"Latency-aware":[55],"Intelligent":[56],"Embedding),":[59],"an":[60],"enhanced":[61],"VNE":[62],"framework":[63],"incorporating":[64],"four":[65],"key":[66],"innovations.":[67],"First,":[68],"latency":[69],"sensitivity":[70],"load":[72,172],"balancing":[73],"are":[74,94],"integrated":[75],"core":[77],"optimization":[78],"objectives":[79],"enable":[81],"low-delay":[82],"path":[83],"selection":[84],"while":[85],"preventing":[86],"bottlenecks.":[88],"Second,":[89],"Graph":[90],"Attention":[91],"Networks":[92],"(GATs)":[93],"utilized":[95],"improve":[97],"node":[98],"representation":[99],"by":[100,163],"dynamically":[101],"weighting":[102],"neighbor":[103],"importance,":[104],"which":[105],"particularly":[107],"beneficial":[108],"heterogeneous":[110],"time-varying":[112],"topologies.":[114],"Third,":[115],"Hybrid":[116],"Proximal":[117],"Policy":[118],"Optimization":[119],"(HPPO)":[120],"employed":[122],"stabilize":[124],"the":[125],"learning":[126,140,147],"process,":[127],"accelerate":[128],"convergence,":[129,175],"enhance":[131],"robustness.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"Meta-Gradient":[134],"Learning":[135],"incorporated":[137],"adaptive":[139],"rate":[141],"control,":[142],"allowing":[143],"autonomous":[144],"tuning":[145],"of":[146],"dynamics":[148],"based":[149],"on":[150],"reward":[151],"feedback.":[152],"Simulation":[153],"results":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"that":[156],"significantly":[158],"outperforms":[159],"state-of-the-art":[161],"methods":[162],"achieving":[164],"a":[165],"higher":[166],"acceptance":[167],"ratio,":[168],"lower":[169],"improved":[171],"balance,":[173],"superior":[177],"adaptability":[178],"under":[179],"real-time":[180],"conditions.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-07T00:00:00"}