{"id":"https://openalex.org/W71808821","doi":null,"title":"Tswana first language interference on English vowels","display_name":"Tswana first language interference on English vowels","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W71808821","mag":"71808821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/2283","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2283","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048264010","display_name":"Van den Heever","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van den Heever","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045302575","display_name":"Cornelius Marthinus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cornelius Marthinus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tswana","display_name":"Tswana","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l1-interference","display_name":"first language influence","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel-perception","display_name":"vowel perception","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel-confusion","display_name":"vowel confusion","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligibility","display_name":"intelligibility","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-african-english","display_name":"South African English","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779375070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34137","display_name":"Tswana","level":2,"score":0.8351303339004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5962756276130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5815026760101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.41979220509529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31983482837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1392187774181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10947412252426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/2283","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2283","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:71808821","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.nwu.ac.za:443/handle/10394/2283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/2283","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2283","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W71808821.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W71808821.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2910766120","https://openalex.org/W6941087419","https://openalex.org/W2474976235","https://openalex.org/W2279770286","https://openalex.org/W352774249","https://openalex.org/W2395503913","https://openalex.org/W3024200113","https://openalex.org/W2279437291","https://openalex.org/W7128805828","https://openalex.org/W2287652059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"indicated":[3],"that":[4,152,237],"the":[5,20,35,46,77,101,119,130,146,186,193,198,212,216,226,235,269,272,283],"vowel":[6,22,121,239],"system":[7,23],"of":[8,25,37,41,49,57,71,76,96,185,197,215,228,271],"Respectable":[9],"South":[10],"African":[11],"English":[12,47],"contains":[13],"12":[14],"primary":[15,27],"vowels":[16,28,48,78,102,124,188,196,214],"(Lass,":[17],"1990),":[18],"whereas":[19,211],"Tswana":[21,50,72,83,120,131,181],"consists":[24],"seven":[26],"(Kruger":[29],"&":[30,275],"Snyman,":[31],"1986).This":[32],"can":[33,53,125],"be":[34,126,177,297],"cause":[36],"under-differentiation":[38],"(a":[39],"form":[40],"negative":[42],"language":[43],"transfer)":[44],"in":[45,118,145,173,180,189,225,268],"speakers,":[51],"which":[52,114,230,286],"lead":[54],"to":[55,60,90,129,148,176,234,243,258,285,296,299],"impairment":[56],"intelligibility.In":[58],"order":[59],"test":[61,149],"this":[62,97,238],"hypothesis,":[63],"perception":[64,75],"tests":[65],"were":[66,143,201,206,219],"conducted,":[67],"involving":[68,183],"native":[69],"speakers":[70],"and":[73,111,140,246,248],"English.The":[74],"as":[79,89],"pronounced":[80],"by":[81],"a":[82,178,305],"reader":[84,200],"would":[85],"give":[86],"an":[87],"indication":[88],"how":[91],"they":[92],"are":[93],"pronounced.The":[94],"focus":[95],"study":[98,306],"was":[99,294],"on":[100],"hi":[103,112,138],"(it),":[104],"N":[105],"(miss),":[106],"/#:/":[107],"(nurse),":[108],"Isel":[109,245],"(trap)":[110],"(strut),":[113],"do":[115],"not":[116,165,202],"occur":[117],"system.Consequently,":[122],"these":[123,253,280],"called":[127],"\"new\"":[128,195],"mother-tongue":[132],"speaker.Certain":[133],"\"similar\"":[134,213],"vowels,":[135,210],"i.e.Ii:l":[136],"(fleece),":[137],"(dress)":[139],"h:l":[141],"(thought)":[142],"included":[144],"research":[147],"Flege's":[150,260],"hypothesis":[151,261],"\"equivalence":[153],"classification":[154],"prevents":[155],"experienced":[156],"L2":[157,162,167],"learners":[158],"from":[159,304],"producing":[160],"similar":[161],"phones,":[163,168],"but":[164,205],"new":[166],"authentically\"":[169],"(Flege,":[170,262],"1987:47).Under-differentiation":[171],"was,":[172],"fact,":[174],"found":[175,295],"phenomenon":[179],"English,":[182],"all":[184],"above-mentioned":[187],"one":[190],"way":[191],"or":[192,290],"other.The":[194],"TL1":[199],"perceived":[203,220],"accurately,":[204],"confused":[207,251],"with":[208,252,307],"other":[209],"same":[217],"speaker":[218],"much":[221],"more":[222],"accurately":[223],"(except":[224],"case":[227],"Id,":[229],"is":[231,240,288],"probably":[232],"due":[233],"fact":[236],"also":[241],"used":[242],"represent":[244],"/*:/,":[247],"therefore":[249],"readily":[250],"sounds).The":[254],"results":[255],"obtained":[256],"seem":[257],"contradict":[259],"1987),":[263],"although":[264],"further":[265],"research,":[266],"e.g.":[267],"light":[270],"SDRH":[273],"(Major":[274],"Kim,":[276],"1996)":[277],"may":[278],"clarify":[279],"apparent":[281],"incongruities.Concerning":[282],"extent":[284],"intelligibility":[287],"influenced":[289],"impaired,":[291],"however,":[292],"it":[293],"impossible":[298],"draw":[300],"any":[301],"decisive":[302],"conclusions":[303],"such":[308],"limited":[309],"scope.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}