{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7172489999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.30.741642","title":"Pervasive Backdoor Vulnerabilities in Genomic Foundation Models","display_name":"Pervasive Backdoor Vulnerabilities in Genomic Foundation Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7172489999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.30.741642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.07.30.741642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.30.741642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.30.741642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.30.741642","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076323286","display_name":"Shiwen Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-4446","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-4446"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255904","display_name":"Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03hz5th67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255904"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwen Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014595324","display_name":"Qianning Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255904","display_name":"Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03hz5th67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255904"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157687116","display_name":"Chi Wei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory for High Performance Data Mining, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory for High Performance Data Mining, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051167398","display_name":"Xiaomin Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-8297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-8297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255904","display_name":"Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03hz5th67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255904"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomin Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085846056","display_name":"Shuaimin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-916X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-916X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuaimin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory for High Performance Data Mining, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory for High Performance Data Mining, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144424660","display_name":"Zixin Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255904","display_name":"Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03hz5th67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255904"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144406145","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing, Ministry of Education of China, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing, Ministry of Education of China, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111335834","display_name":"Rongrong Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-2932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-2932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongrong Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing, Ministry of Education of China, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing, Ministry of Education of China, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119642430","display_name":"Xu Ruifeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7240-6464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7240-6464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruifeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of artificial intelligence, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen loop area institute, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of artificial intelligence, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen loop area institute, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157771339","display_name":"Hamid Alinejad-Rokny","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Alinejad-Rokny","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087506249","display_name":"Teng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5176-5095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5176-5095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273091","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/058rt6c45","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273091"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5176-5095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4405273091"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157709498","display_name":"Min Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255904","display_name":"Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03hz5th67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273091","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/058rt6c45","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273091"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Key Laboratory for High Performance Data Mining, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","State Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255904"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory for High Performance Data Mining, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4405273091"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157709498"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4405255904","https://openalex.org/I4405273091"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor-attacks","display_name":"backdoor attacks","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-foundation-models","display_name":"genomic foundation models","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-poisoning-attacks","display_name":"data poisoning","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-tuning","display_name":"fine-tuning","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-auditing","display_name":"model auditing","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-provenance","display_name":"data provenance","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-evaluation","display_name":"adversarial evaluation","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-security","display_name":"model security","score":0.5590000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.7889000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.598800003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48649999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.45879998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165609540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172486","display_name":"Data breach","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994067223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546","display_name":"Genomic sequencing","level":4,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.07.30.741642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.30.741642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.30.741642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.07.30.741642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.30.741642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.30.741642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1019830208","https://openalex.org/W2042086471","https://openalex.org/W2059864757","https://openalex.org/W2173732482","https://openalex.org/W2198606573","https://openalex.org/W2345512687","https://openalex.org/W2556763090","https://openalex.org/W2774423163","https://openalex.org/W2791218785","https://openalex.org/W2807363941","https://openalex.org/W2901901698","https://openalex.org/W2934843808","https://openalex.org/W2942091739","https://openalex.org/W2952239877","https://openalex.org/W2990270730","https://openalex.org/W2996800219","https://openalex.org/W3019706413","https://openalex.org/W3042368254","https://openalex.org/W3127238141","https://openalex.org/W3203588026","https://openalex.org/W4393870943","https://openalex.org/W4401662181","https://openalex.org/W4404349982","https://openalex.org/W4404511392","https://openalex.org/W4404821554","https://openalex.org/W4407424297","https://openalex.org/W7133235585","https://openalex.org/W7133517058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7147381675","https://openalex.org/W7125713081","https://openalex.org/W4416143284","https://openalex.org/W7168052694","https://openalex.org/W7106689086","https://openalex.org/W7161148679","https://openalex.org/W7116849604","https://openalex.org/W3172990785","https://openalex.org/W7092292058","https://openalex.org/W4391124153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Genomic":[1],"foundation":[2,126],"models":[3,127],"are":[4,64],"revolutionizing":[5],"biological":[6],"research":[7],"and":[8,36,69,128,135],"biotechnology,":[9],"yet":[10],"their":[11],"vulnerability":[12],"to":[13],"data":[14,47,131],"poisoning":[15,40],"remains":[16,75],"poorly":[17],"characterized.":[18],"Here":[19],"we":[20,90],"show":[21],"that":[22,96],"backdoor":[23],"attacks":[24],"can":[25],"be":[26],"reliably":[27],"implanted":[28],"during":[29],"fine-tuning":[30,119],"across":[31,67],"diverse":[32],"model":[33,37,79,107],"architectures,":[34],"tasks":[35],"scales":[38],"by":[39],"only":[41],"a":[42,92],"small":[43],"fraction":[44],"of":[45,112],"training":[46],"with":[48],"short":[49],"DNA":[50],"motifs,":[51],"including":[52],"triggers":[53],"derived":[54],"from":[55],"transposon":[56],"terminal":[57],"inverted":[58],"repeats":[59],"(TIRs).":[60],"Attack":[61],"success":[62],"rates":[63],"generally":[65],"high":[66],"encoder-based":[68],"autoregressive":[70],"models,":[71],"while":[72],"clean-task":[73],"performance":[74],"almost":[76],"unchanged.":[77],"Increasing":[78],"scale":[80],"does":[81],"not":[82],"confer":[83],"measurable":[84],"resistance.":[85],"To":[86],"detect":[87],"such":[88],"threats,":[89],"develop":[91],"two-stage":[93],"auditing":[94],"framework":[95],"flags":[97],"potentially":[98],"poisoned":[99],"sequences":[100],"through":[101],"localized":[102],"single-nucleotide":[103],"mutation":[104],"sensitivity":[105],"in":[106],"predictions,":[108],"without":[109],"prior":[110],"knowledge":[111],"trigger":[113],"sequences.":[114],"These":[115],"results":[116],"identify":[117],"downstream":[118],"as":[120],"an":[121],"attack":[122],"surface":[123],"for":[124],"genomic":[125],"motivate":[129],"stronger":[130],"provenance,":[132],"adversarial":[133],"evaluation":[134],"post-training":[136],"security":[137],"auditing.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-06T00:00:00"}