{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7172117203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.2026-0447.workshop2d_01","title":"High-Resolution Thermography and Artificial Intelligence to Evaluate and Classify Rheumatoid Arthritis","display_name":"High-Resolution Thermography and Artificial Intelligence to Evaluate and Classify Rheumatoid Arthritis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7172117203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.2026-0447.workshop2d_01"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3899/jrheum.2026-0447.workshop2d_01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.2026-0447.workshop2d_01","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.2026-0447.workshop2d_01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50602745","display_name":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issn_l":"0315-162X","issn":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320417","host_organization_name":"The Journal of Rheumatology Publishing Company Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320417"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Journal of Rheumatology Publishing Company Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Rheumatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093398570","display_name":"Lana Mackic","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lana Mackic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba, Winnipeg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144217116","display_name":"Kale Mayor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kale Mayor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba, Winnipeg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144212579","display_name":"Yuxi Long","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxi Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western University, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007985670","display_name":"Joey A. Mercier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-5369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-5369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joey Mercier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba, Winnipeg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144209273","display_name":"David Robinson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba, Winnipeg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007875678","display_name":"Hani S. El-Gabalawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-4422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-4422"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani El-Gabalawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba, Winnipeg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035024838","display_name":"Pingzhao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-2245","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-2245"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingzhao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western University, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010503624","display_name":"Konstantin Jilkine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-8580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-8580"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantin Jilkine","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba, Winnipeg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138994067","display_name":"Liam O'Neil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liam O\u2019Neil","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba Faculty of Health Sciences, Winnipeg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba Faculty of Health Sciences, Winnipeg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"Suppl 1","first_page":"23.2","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheumatoid-arthritis","display_name":"rheumatoid arthritis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-thermography","display_name":"infrared thermography","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synovitis","display_name":"synovitis","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-inflammation","display_name":"joint inflammation","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-and-foot-joints","display_name":"hand and foot joints","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"computer vision","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning-classification","display_name":"machine learning classification","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-arthritis","display_name":"inflammatory arthritis","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shap","display_name":"SHAP","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dinov2","display_name":"DINOv2","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-net","display_name":"elastic net","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swollen-and-tender-joints","display_name":"swollen and tender joints","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrist","display_name":"wrist","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proximal-interphalangeal-joint","display_name":"proximal interphalangeal joint","score":0.9480000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8695999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779222261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624587","display_name":"Thermography","level":3,"score":0.8162000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255","display_name":"Rheumatoid arthritis","level":2,"score":0.6574000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198451711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327657","display_name":"Rheumatology","level":2,"score":0.6047999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5792999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19609008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138203","display_name":"Region of interest","level":2,"score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777077863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170990","display_name":"Arthritis","level":2,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019079563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67173088","display_name":"Skin temperature","level":2,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994563626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315638","display_name":"Resistive index","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019060180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automated method","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837512","display_name":"Differential diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122413","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3899/jrheum.2026-0447.workshop2d_01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.2026-0447.workshop2d_01","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.2026-0447.workshop2d_01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50602745","display_name":"The Journal of Rheumatology","issn_l":"0315-162X","issn":["0315-162X","1499-2752"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320417","host_organization_name":"The Journal of Rheumatology Publishing Company Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320417"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Journal of Rheumatology Publishing Company Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Rheumatology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036359647","https://openalex.org/W2758262852","https://openalex.org/W4285500673","https://openalex.org/W3213748287","https://openalex.org/W2952133213","https://openalex.org/W3164152889","https://openalex.org/W4309767544","https://openalex.org/W7143513270","https://openalex.org/W2135969896","https://openalex.org/W2412450268"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectives":[0],"Thermography,":[1],"which":[2,136],"captures":[3],"heat":[4],"signatures,":[5],"is":[6,325],"a":[7,79,132,326,385],"novel":[8],"method":[9,329],"of":[10,23,25,37,67,71,84,168,184,250,259,290,294,348,356],"evaluating":[11],"articular":[12],"joints":[13,90,219,262,335],"in":[14,34,93,111,145,176,205,218,228,276,333,361],"inflammatory":[15],"arthritis.[1]":[16],"We":[17],"sought":[18],"to":[19,113,208,244,305,311],"evaluate":[20],"the":[21,26,35,68,72,102,181,185,264,353],"utility":[22],"thermography":[24],"hands":[27,73],"and":[28,74,101,142,160,194,266,292,308,317,336],"feet,":[29],"combined":[30],"with":[31,78,287,363],"artificial":[32],"intelligence,":[33],"evaluation":[36],"Rheumatoid":[38],"Arthritis":[39],"(RA).":[40],"Methods":[41],"RA":[42,94,159,177,206,229,246,278,316,339,357],"patients":[43,340],"(n":[44,58],"=":[45,59],"100)":[46],"were":[47,61,76,87,98,105,128,173,203,216,221,303],"recruited":[48,62],"from":[49,247,279,300,341],"an":[50,241,288],"academic":[51],"rheumatology":[52],"clinic":[53],"(Winnipeg,":[54],"Canada).":[55],"Healthy":[56],"controls":[57,280],"137)":[60],"through":[63],"advertising.":[64],"Thermal":[65,323],"images":[66],"dorsal":[69],"aspects":[70],"feet":[75],"captured":[77],"Flir":[80],"A700":[81],"camera.":[82],"Regions":[83],"interest":[85],"(ROI)":[86],"pre-identified":[88],"as":[89,360],"commonly":[91],"affected":[92],"(Figure":[95,162,230,296,320],"1A).":[96],"ROIs":[97],"manually":[99],"gated,":[100],"maximum/minimum/average":[103],"temperatures":[104,183,258],"extracted.":[106],"Data":[107],"analysis":[108,150,165],"was":[109],"performed":[110],"R":[112],"identify":[114],"temperature":[115,170],"differences":[116,314],"between":[117,158,315],"groups,":[118],"followed":[119],"by":[120,253,384],"machine":[121],"learning":[122,134],"classification":[123,143],"using":[124,131,151,281],"ROI-restricted":[125],"data.":[126],"Thermograms":[127],"also":[129],"analyzed":[130],"deep":[133],"model":[135,272,302],"deployed":[137],"unsupervised":[138],"feature":[139],"extraction":[140],"(DINOV2)":[141],"(ElasticNet)":[144],"Python.":[146],"Results":[147],"Principal":[148,298],"components":[149,299],"ROI":[152,237,285],"thermogram":[153,211,236],"data":[154],"revealed":[155],"clear":[156],"separation":[157],"HC":[161],"1B).":[163],"Differential":[164],"identified":[166],"56":[167],"114":[169],"parameters":[171,212],"that":[172,220],"significantly":[174],"higher":[175,204],"patients.":[178],"For":[179],"example,":[180],"maximum":[182],"right":[186,195],"5th":[187],"PIP":[188,197],"joint":[189,198,350],"(adjusted":[190,199],"p=1.3\u00d710":[191],"\u22128":[192,201],")":[193,202],"4th":[196],"p=7.6\u00d710":[200],"compared":[207],"controls.":[209,342],"All":[210],"(minimum,":[213],"maximum,":[214],"average)":[215],"increased":[217],"tender":[222],"or":[223,381],"swollen":[224],"on":[225,379],"clinical":[226],"examination":[227],"1C,":[231],"all":[232],"p-values":[233],"<0.0001).":[234],"Using":[235],"data,":[238],"XGboost":[239],"achieved":[240,273],"AUC":[242,289],"of.869":[243],"classify":[245],"control.":[248],"Rankings":[249],"variable":[251],"importance":[252],"SHAP":[254],"index":[255],"included":[256],"average":[257],"several":[260],"hand":[261],"including":[263],"Wrist":[265],"3rd":[267],"PIP.":[268],"A":[269],"computer":[270],"vision":[271],"high":[274],"performance":[275],"classifying":[277],"entire":[282],"thermograms":[283],"(without":[284],"information),":[286],"0.977":[291],"recall":[293],"0.909":[295],"1D).":[297],"this":[301],"mapped":[304],"red,":[306],"green,":[307],"blue":[309],"channels":[310],"visualize":[312],"thermographic":[313],"control":[318],"subjects":[319],"1E).":[321],"Conclusion":[322],"imaging":[324],"low-cost,":[327],"accessible":[328],"for":[330],"detecting":[331],"synovitis":[332],"small":[334],"can":[337],"distinguish":[338],"It":[343],"may":[344],"enable":[345],"early":[346],"detection":[347],"subtle":[349],"inflammation":[351],"at":[352],"earliest":[354],"stages":[355],"onset,":[358],"such":[359],"individuals":[362],"clinically":[364],"suspect":[365],"arthralgia.":[366],"References":[367],"[1.]":[368],"Kow":[369],"J,":[370],"Tan":[371],"YK.":[372],"Joint":[373],"Bone":[374],"Spine":[375],"2023;90:105496.":[376],"Best":[377],"Abstract":[378],"Clinical":[380],"Epidemiology":[382],"Research":[383],"Trainee":[386],"-":[387],"Phil":[388],"Rosen":[389],"Award":[390]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-08-02T00:00:00"}
