{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7172033763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","title":"\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041c\u041c\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u0420\u0410\u0421\u0427\u0415\u0422 \u0422\u0415\u041f\u041b\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0419 \u0418\u0417\u041e\u041b\u042f\u0426\u0418\u0418 \u0422\u0420\u0423\u0411\u041e\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0414\u041e\u0412 \u0414\u0412\u0423\u0425\u0422\u0420\u0423\u0411\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u0422\u0415\u041f\u041b\u041e\u0412\u042b\u0425 \u0421\u0415\u0422\u0415\u0419 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0417\u0415\u041c\u041d\u041e\u0419 \u0411\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0419 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u041a\u041b\u0410\u0414\u041a\u0418","display_name":"\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041c\u041c\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u0420\u0410\u0421\u0427\u0415\u0422 \u0422\u0415\u041f\u041b\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0419 \u0418\u0417\u041e\u041b\u042f\u0426\u0418\u0418 \u0422\u0420\u0423\u0411\u041e\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0412\u041e\u0414\u041e\u0412 \u0414\u0412\u0423\u0425\u0422\u0420\u0423\u0411\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u0422\u0415\u041f\u041b\u041e\u0412\u042b\u0425 \u0421\u0415\u0422\u0415\u0419 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0417\u0415\u041c\u041d\u041e\u0419 \u0411\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0419 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u041a\u041b\u0410\u0414\u041a\u0418","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7172033763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022"},"language":"ru","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221413","display_name":"\u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e-\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a","issn_l":"2304-1943","issn":["2304-1943"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e-\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085973868","display_name":"\u0414\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-9302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-9302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137513774","display_name":"Vologda State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hcp8p49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137513774"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177537411","display_name":"Bauman Moscow State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00pb8h375","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177537411"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0414.\u0424. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0432","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0424\u0413\u0410\u041e\u0423 \u0412\u041e \u00ab\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041d.\u042d. \u0411\u0430\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442)\u00bb","\u0424\u0413\u0411\u041e\u0423 \u0412\u041e \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u00bb"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0424\u0413\u0410\u041e\u0423 \u0412\u041e \u00ab\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041d.\u042d. \u0411\u0430\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442)\u00bb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177537411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0424\u0413\u0411\u041e\u0423 \u0412\u041e \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u00bb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137513774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125029751","display_name":"M. V. Pavlov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-3296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-3296"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137513774","display_name":"Vologda State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hcp8p49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137513774"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u041c.\u0412. \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0424\u0413\u0411\u041e\u0423 \u0412\u041e \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u00bb"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0424\u0413\u0411\u041e\u0423 \u0412\u041e \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u00bb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137513774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092958698","display_name":"Khristina Maksudovna Vafaeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-5494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-5494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212220629","display_name":"Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x91aj62","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212220629"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0425.\u041c. \u0412\u0430\u0444\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0424\u0413\u0410\u041e\u0423 \u0412\u041e \u00ab\u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0424\u0413\u0410\u041e\u0423 \u0412\u041e \u00ab\u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212220629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137900529","display_name":"R. S. Agafonov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-8537","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-8537"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0420.\u0412. \u0410\u0433\u0430\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0413\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0433\u0430\u0437 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u00bb"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0413\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0433\u0430\u0437 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u00bb","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137825554","display_name":"\u0412.\u041f. \u0416\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0412.\u041f. \u0416\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"2(66)","first_page":"159","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13116","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Numerical Methods","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13116","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Numerical Methods","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13263","display_name":"Building energy efficiency and sustainability","score":0.0471000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-loss","display_name":"heat loss","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steady-state-heat-transfer","display_name":"steady-state heat transfer","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-thermal-resistance","display_name":"soil thermal resistance","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vologda","display_name":"Vologda","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-conservation","display_name":"energy conservation","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-safety","display_name":"environmental safety","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64839514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918306","display_name":"Thermal insulation","level":3,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2363000065088272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.23160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987760187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27098513","display_name":"Water heating","level":2,"score":0.19830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985596519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat flow","level":3,"score":0.18000000715255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.17960000038146973}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221413","display_name":"\u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e-\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a","issn_l":"2304-1943","issn":["2304-1943"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e-\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2026.66.2.022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221413","display_name":"\u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e-\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a","issn_l":"2304-1943","issn":["2304-1943"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e-\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.651199996471405,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7172033763.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7172033763.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2662393588","https://openalex.org/W2900103356","https://openalex.org/W2917125550","https://openalex.org/W3012011797","https://openalex.org/W3021054446","https://openalex.org/W3040620808","https://openalex.org/W4283706556","https://openalex.org/W4283733929","https://openalex.org/W4400721469","https://openalex.org/W4403613363","https://openalex.org/W4415259532","https://openalex.org/W4417248569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7163523272","https://openalex.org/W3088495095","https://openalex.org/W1522298822","https://openalex.org/W3163382345","https://openalex.org/W2792569055","https://openalex.org/W2333345908","https://openalex.org/W90632474","https://openalex.org/W4403835556","https://openalex.org/W7082278500","https://openalex.org/W2761515192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0422\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f":[0],"\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f":[1,246],"\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432":[2,52,83,145,206,227],"\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445":[3,54,85,228],"\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439":[4,86,229],"\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f":[5,66],"\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438":[6],"\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c":[7],"\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c":[8],"\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e":[9,140],"\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":[10,141],"\u0441":[11,41,124,142,176],"\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438":[12],"\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":[13],"\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":[14],"\u0438":[15,26,80,106,168,173,204,210,225,248],"\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439":[16],"\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.":[17],"\u041f\u0440\u0438":[18,161],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438":[19],"\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430":[20,77,188],"\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439":[21,36,78,137,154,190,220],"\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438,":[22],"\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f":[23],"\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c":[24],"\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430":[25],"\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c":[27],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438":[28],"\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432,":[29],"\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430":[30],"\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c":[31],"\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c":[32],"\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c":[33],"\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c":[34,242],"\u043f\u043e":[35],"\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435.":[37],"\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b":[38],"\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e":[39],"\u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c":[40],"\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c":[42],"\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e":[43],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e":[44,92,152],"\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.":[45],"\u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c":[46],"\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f":[47,65,74],"\u2013":[48,75,207],"\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c":[49],"\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439":[50],"\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438":[51,79,155,191,221],"\u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445":[53,84],"\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439,":[55],"\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e":[56],"\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435":[57],"\u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439":[58,180],"\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439":[59,111,178],"\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439":[60,181],"\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438":[61,182,199],"\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e":[62,183,200],"\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430.":[63],"\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c":[64],"\u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f":[67],"\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f":[68],"\u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c":[69],"\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439":[70,87],"\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439":[71,88,232],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438.":[72,89],"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442":[73],"\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f":[76,187],"\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435":[81],"\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438":[82],"\u0412":[90,108],"\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435":[91],"\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430":[93,153,240],"\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442":[94],"\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435":[95],"\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":[96],"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439":[97],"\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438":[98],"\u0434\u043b\u044f":[99,156,218],"\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439":[100],"\u0446\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439":[101],"\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438,":[102],"\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439":[103],"\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e":[104],"\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044e":[105],"\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0442.":[107],"\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435":[109],"\u043e\u0442":[110,202],"\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0438,":[112],"\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439":[113],"\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435":[114],"\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435":[115],"\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b,":[116],"\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f":[117],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430":[118],"\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442":[119],"\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e":[120],"\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c":[121],"\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0435":[122],"\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b":[123,179],"\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439":[125],"\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e":[126],"\u0437\u0430":[127],"\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442":[128],"\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439":[129],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438":[130],"\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432.":[131],"\u041d\u0430":[132],"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435":[133],"\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e":[134],"\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430":[135],"\u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439":[136],"\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438":[138],"\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b":[139],"\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c":[143],"\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c":[144],"125":[146,459],"\u043c\u043c":[147],"(133\u00d74,0":[148],"\u043c\u043c)":[149],"\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430":[150],"\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f":[151,237],"\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445":[157],"\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439":[158],"\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430":[159],"\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0434\u044b.":[160],"\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445":[162],"\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445":[163],"\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439":[164],"\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b":[165],"\u0432":[166,234],"\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c":[167],"\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c":[169],"\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445":[170],"65":[171,481],"\u2103":[172,482,489],"50":[174,488],"\u2103,":[175],"\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c":[177],"\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430":[184,201],"56":[185,504],"\u0412\u0442/\u043c,":[186],"\u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f":[189],"\u0438\u0437":[192],"\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430":[193],"\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442":[194],"40":[195,514],"\u043c\u043c,":[196],"\u0430":[197],"\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435":[198],"\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e":[203,224],"\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e":[205,226],"32":[208,529],"\u0412\u0442/\u043c":[209,212],"24":[211,532],"\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e.":[213],"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435":[214],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435":[215],"\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435":[216],"\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e":[217],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f":[219],"\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445":[222],"\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439":[223],"\u043f\u0440\u0438":[230],"\u0438\u0445":[231],"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435":[233],"\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0442\u0435.":[235],"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f":[236],"\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e":[238],"\u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430":[239],"\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442":[241],"\u0421\u041f":[243],"61.13330.2012":[244,581],"\u00ab\u0422\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f":[245],"\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f":[247],"\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u00bb.":[249],"Thermal":[250],"insulation":[251,321,365,400,512,545,585],"of":[252,261,268,279,286,313,323,343,358,370,387,422,437,441,458,469,472,480,503,509,543,546,550,568,577,579,583,586],"district":[253,327,349,376,444,556],"heating":[254,328,350,377,445,557],"pipelines":[255,324,371,527,554],"is":[256,316,346,361,382,463,513,538],"a":[257,347,394,438,442,448,454],"critically":[258],"important":[259],"component":[260],"centralized":[262,449],"heat":[263,338,368,390,450,500,519],"supply":[264,451,485,524,551],"systems":[265],"in":[266,325,372,483,490,555,563],"terms":[267],"energy":[269],"efficiency":[270],"and":[271,288,367,401,487,494,525,531,552,588],"environmental":[272],"safety.":[273],"In":[274,404],"design":[275,542],"practice,":[276],"the":[277,284,289,296,314,319,334,344,359,362,385,388,407,416,423,466,470,484,491,496,506,517,523,541,547,569,575],"thickness":[278,322,366,508],"thermal":[280,301,320,364,399,544,584],"insulation,":[281],"determined":[282],"by":[283],"type":[285],"material":[287],"pipeline":[290,486],"installation":[291,562],"method,":[292,410],"must":[293],"comply":[294],"with":[295,333,352,426,453,559,574],"applicable":[297],"regulatory":[298,409],"requirements":[299,576],"for":[300,393,465,540],"protection.":[302],"Such":[303],"calculations":[304],"are":[305,528],"preferably":[306],"performed":[307],"using":[308],"specialized":[309],"software.":[310],"The":[311,341,356,379,535,565],"aim":[312],"study":[315,345,360,436],"to":[317,406,430],"determine":[318],"two-pipe":[326,348,375,443],"networks":[329,558],"that":[330],"ensures":[331],"compliance":[332],"total":[335,498],"normative":[336,497],"linear":[337,499,518],"flux":[339,501,520],"density.":[340],"object":[342],"network":[351,446,477],"underground":[353,373,560],"ductless":[354,374,561],"installation.":[355],"subject":[357],"required":[363,424,507],"losses":[369],"networks.":[378],"software-based":[380],"calculation":[381,571],"based":[383],"on":[384],"solution":[386],"steady-state":[389],"transfer":[391],"equation":[392],"multilayer":[395],"cylindrical":[396],"wall,":[397],"including":[398],"surrounding":[402],"soil.":[403,564],"contrast":[405],"standard":[408],"which":[411],"involves":[412],"manual":[413],"iterative":[414],"calculations,":[415],"developed":[417,536],"software":[418,537,566],"enables":[419],"automated":[420],"determination":[421],"parameters":[425],"high":[427],"accuracy":[428],"due":[429],"built-in":[431],"result":[432],"verification.":[433],"A":[434],"case":[435],"distribution":[439],"section":[440],"within":[447],"system,":[452],"nominal":[455],"pipe":[456,589],"diameter":[457],"mm":[460],"(133\u00d74.0":[461],"mm),":[462],"presented":[464],"climatic":[467],"conditions":[468],"city":[471],"Vologda.":[473],"At":[474],"average":[475],"annual":[476],"water":[478],"temperatures":[479],"return":[492,526,553],"pipeline,":[493],"considering":[495],"density":[502],"W/m,":[505,533],"polyurethane":[510],"foam":[511],"mm,":[515],"while":[516],"densities":[521],"from":[522],"W/m":[530],"respectively.":[534],"intended":[539],"external":[548],"surfaces":[549],"implementation":[567],"proposed":[570],"algorithm":[572],"complies":[573],"Code":[578],"Practice":[580],"\u201cDesigning":[582],"equipment":[587],"lines\u201d.":[590]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2026-08-01T00:00:00"}